Name: なぜこの赤い州は就学前教育を無料にしたのか (Why this red state made preschool free)
Uploaded: 2025-06-17T15:17:22.000Z
Duration: 10 min 25 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

様態の副詞

In the U.S., free public school typically has 13 grades and begins with kindergarten at age 5.

アメリカでは、無料の公立学校は通常13学年あり、5歳の幼稚園から始まる。

It's been this way for a long time, but some say that free public school should start at age 4.

公立学校の無償化は4歳から始めるべきだという意見もある。

基礎受動態

Universal Pre-K. Free or cheap education for 4-year-olds is already a reality in many wealthy countries around the world. But in the U.S., universal pre-k is often seen as a lofty, progressive goal with a big price tag. And it only exists in a few states and some cities.

ユニバーサル・プレK。世界の多くの裕福な国々では、4歳児に対する無料または低額な教育はすでに現実のものとなっている。しかし、アメリカでは、普遍的な就学前教育は、しばしば、大きな代償を伴う高尚で進歩的な目標とみなされる。また、一部の州や都市にしか存在しない。

Vermont's had it since 2014. So has New York City. And D.C.'s popular UPK program started in 2008. But the U.S. state with the longest continuously running, free, universally available, high-quality education program for 4-year-olds is Oklahoma. Yep, Oklahoma is about as conservative as it gets. It hasn't voted for a Democratic president in 60 years. But this state made free, high-quality pre-k the new normal back in 1998, years ahead of its progressive peers.

バーモント州には2014年からある。ニューヨーク市もそうだ。D.C.で人気のUPKプログラムは2008年に始まった。しかし、4歳児を対象とした無料かつ普遍的で質の高い教育プログラムを最も長く継続している州は、オクラホマ州である。オクラホマ州は保守的な州だ。この60年間、民主党の大統領に投票したことはない。しかし、この州は1998年に、先進的な他の州に先駆けて、質の高い就学前教育の無料化を実現した。

Kindergarten is just an arbitrary line. It's hard to even think of us not having pre-k programs. It seems like they've been here forever.

幼稚園は恣意的な線引きに過ぎない。幼稚園がないなんて考えられない。ずっとここにあるように思える。

I wanted to know a couple things. How they pulled this off.

私はいくつかのことを知りたかった。どうやってこれを成功させたのか。

The voters didn't have a clue what we were doing, on purpose.

有権者たちは、私たちが何をしているのか、わざと何もわかっていなかった。

What other states can learn from the program, and what free pre-k looks like a generation of kids later? Now, free pre-k isn't exactly rare in the U.S. Most U.S. states offer some form of state-funded pre-k for 4-year-olds. But very few are considered universal. The majority of these programs prioritize low-income and at-risk children. Programs like that are often part of

他の州はこのプログラムから何を学ぶことができるのだろうか？アメリカのほとんどの州では、4歳児を対象に何らかの形で州費による就学前教育を実施している。しかし、普遍的なものというのはほとんどない。これらのプログラムの大半は、低所得でリスクのある子どもたちを優先している。このようなプログラムは、多くの場合

Head Start, a big, federally-funded school program that's been subsidizing education for young children living in poverty since the 1960s. A program that the Trump administration is threatening to dismantle. In Oklahoma, Head Start schools and public elementary schools are closely linked. In Tulsa, Oklahoma, Head Start schools are run by an organization called

ヘッドスタートは、1960年代から貧困にあえぐ幼児に教育費を助成してきた、連邦政府出資の大規模な学校プログラムである。トランプ政権はこのプログラムを解体すると脅している。オクラホマ州では、ヘッドスタートの学校と公立小学校は密接に結びついている。オクラホマ州タルサでは、ヘッドスタート校は以下の組織によって運営されている。

CAP Tulsa. They share resources with Tulsa public schools and, in many cases, are built close together. Everything the children are doing in the classroom is intentionally arranged to stimulate their development in every respect. I am the executive director of CAP Tulsa. We were observing these children using these colorful, tiny tiles that they were gluing onto the first letter of their name. That type of skill, that fine motor skill development, prepares them to hold a pencil. I visited both CAP and public elementary pre-k classrooms to see the kinds of activities she met, like identifying the parts of a book, and creative problem-solving and collaboration. It's how to get along with people, how to self-regulate. And it works. Decades of research shows that kids that experience high-quality education environments as four-year-olds show up to elementary school with an advantage. Kindergarten teachers always know the children that have come through our program because they are the children that know how to be in school.

CAPタルサCAPタルサは、タルサの公立学校と資源を共有し、多くの場合、近くに建てられている。教室で子どもたちがしていることはすべて、あらゆる面で子どもたちの成長を刺激するように意図的に配置されている。私はCAPタルサのエグゼクティブ・ディレクターです。子どもたちがカラフルな小さなタイルを使って、自分の名前の頭文字に糊付けしているのを観察していました。このような技能、つまり細かい運動技能の発達が、鉛筆を持つ準備になるのです。私はCAPと公立小学校の就学前教室を訪問し、本のパーツを特定したり、創造的な問題解

You can really understand the impact of that when you see kids who didn't have this experience.

このような経験をしなかった子供たちを見ていると、その影響が本当によくわかる。

Take a look at this video of Oklahoma five-year-olds in the 90s.

90年代のオクラホマの5歳児たちのビデオを見てみよう。

Red. Okay, what color is this? Green. And what's this one? Red.

赤。これは何色？緑。これは何色？赤。

These kids were entering kindergarten, but some couldn't count to five. Is that five?

この子たちは幼稚園に入ったが、5まで数えられない子もいた。それが5か？

Seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, fourteen...

So why doesn't every state have this? One maybe obvious barrier is funding. Not all lawmakers are convinced that the educational benefits of free pre-k for all are worth the money.

では、なぜどの州にもないのだろうか？明らかな障壁のひとつは、資金であろう。すべての議員が、就学前教育の無料化による教育的効果が、その費用に見合うものであると確信しているわけではない。

But one group that is particularly wary of free pre-k is the private child care industry, and kind of for good reason. It all comes down to the business model of private child care.

しかし、就学前教育の無償化を特に警戒しているのは、私立保育業界である。その理由は、私立保育園のビジネスモデルにある。

One of the biggest costs to a certified child care center is hiring qualified teachers, and each age group requires different teacher-to-child ratios to ensure adequate care for each child.

認証保育所の最大のコストのひとつは、資格のある教師を雇うことであり、子ども一人ひとりに十分なケアを提供するためには、年齢グループごとに異なる教師対子どもの比率が必要となる。

Infants need the most care, so their required ratio is the highest, and these classrooms are the smallest.

乳幼児は最もケアが必要なため、必要な比率は最も高く、これらの教室は最も狭い。

As you move up to four-year-olds, your oldest group before they head off to public kindergarten, that ratio is lower, so the same number of teachers can accommodate a much larger group of kids.

公立幼稚園に入園する前の年長組である4歳児になると、この比率は低くなる。

So if you think of each teacher as a cost and each kid as a client, four-year-olds are the most profitable for these private child care providers, and subsidize the pricier infant care. Take them out of the equation by enacting universal pre-k, for example, and you risk bankrupting these child care centers or passing on unmanageable costs to working parents who need this service. This argument that universal pre-k hurts child care has come up as Texas has tried to expand pre-k access, but that didn't happen in Oklahoma, in large part because of this man. My name is Joe Eddins. I'm a retired member of the

つまり、教師一人一人をコストと考え、子供一人一人を顧客と考えれば、4歳児はこれらの民間保育業者にとって最も収益性が高く、価格の高い乳児保育を補助していることになる。例えば、就学前教育を普遍化することで、4歳児をこの方程式から外してしまえば、こうした保育所を倒産させたり、このサービスを必要とする働く親に管理しきれないほどのコストを転嫁したりする危険性がある。テキサス州では就学前教育の利用を拡大しようとしたため、就学前教育がチャイルドケアに悪影響を与えるというこの議論が持ち上がったが、オクラホマ州ではそうなら

Oklahoma House of Representatives. His universal pre-k bill and a loophole in the law. In the late 1990s, I was able to add a 14th grade, and we called it pre-kindergarten. Kindergarten in the

オクラホマ州下院彼が提出したプリ・キンダーガーデン法案には、法律の抜け穴があった。1990年代後半、私は14番目の学年を加えることができ、それをプレ幼稚園と呼んだ。の幼稚園

U.S. is for five-year-olds, but in the mid-90s, some Oklahoma school districts started to notice a hole in the state's new kindergarten law that incentivized them to add four-year-olds to those classrooms. This is how the loophole worked. The bill said that school districts could offer either a half-day kindergarten program or a full-day program, and the districts received funding based on the number of kids enrolled. But the law didn't say a half-day program counted less than a full-day program funding-wise. A student enrolled in either one earned the same amount for the district. It didn't take long to figure out that you could have two half-day programs in one day and get double-funded. This was just a moneymaker. One teacher could have the full money coming in in the morning, and then another set of full money coming just like the bank truck came by twice a day. And that was an incentive for schools to have a lot of kindergarten. Which is why four-year-olds were being added to these classrooms. More students enrolled in kindergarten meant more funding. Once school superintendents understood that a lot of people were doing this, and they figured out the money involved, they jumped on it. This was a problem for the state.

米国は5歳児を対象としているが、90年代半ば、オクラホマ州のいくつかの学区は、同州の新しい幼稚園法に穴があることに気づき始めた。これがその抜け穴の仕組みである。法案では、学区は半日または全日の幼稚園プログラムを提供することができ、学区は登録された子供の数に応じて資金を受け取ることができるとされていた。しかし、法律では、半日プログラムは全日プログラムより資金が少ないとは言っていない。どちらか一方に在籍する生徒は、地区にとって同額となる。1日に2つの半日プログラムを実施し、2倍の資金を得ることができることを理

I had a worksheet that showed here's what we're doing last year, this year, and what'll happen next year as other school districts jump on this deal. To keep schools from packing kindergartens with four-year-olds, Joe's bill proposed setting up early childhood programs at any public school that wanted it. It would be free of charge, just for four-year-olds, and, crucially, he struck out this part, who meet the qualifications for Head Start.

私は、昨年、今年、そして来年、他の学区がこの取引に飛びつくとどうなるかを示したワークシートを持っていた。学校が幼稚園に4歳児を詰め込まないようにするため、ジョーの法案は、希望する公立学校に幼児教育プログラムを設置することを提案した。4歳児を対象とし、しかも重要なのは、ヘッドスタートの資格を満たす子どもたちという部分を削除したことである。

With this one piece of one sentence removed, Joe was proposing a universal program. But to catch that, you'd need to read the bill closely. And Joe didn't say, this is the bill that creates universal pre-k, even though that's exactly what it was. What he said was, this is the bill that keeps four-year-olds out of kindergarten, and it's voluntary for everybody, and I sat down. The bill also said school districts could use their funding to contract with existing early child care providers. They could get state funding to start a four-year-old program and use it to hire early childhood education programs already in place. It, of course, would have to meet the standards, and I did not explain to them that it was going to be Head Start. But since the bill didn't seem to threaten private child care's four-year-old clientele, and very few others fully understood it anyway, no one who actually understood the bill told lawmakers to vote no. If a lobbyist does not come into your office and explain this law and why you should vote no on it, the legislator doesn't have any help except me. It passed the House 99-0. Once the word got out about free, high-quality pre-k, Oklahoma parents jumped at the opportunity to enroll their four-year-olds in their local elementary school. It got to where they started lining up in the early, early hours of the morning so that they could be in their neighborhood school. Part of it was they needed child care. Andy and Jana McKenzie taught in early childhood education in Tulsa public schools for 40 years. That's Jana conducting kindergarten assessments in that video back before Oklahoma had free pre-k. These two were instrumental in setting up the existing pre-k program, including in forging the close partnership between Head Start and public schools still in place today. And I think parents very quickly realized that it was a great place for their child to be. Offering pre-k in Oklahoma school districts was and still is voluntary. But 27 years later, free high-quality education for four-year-olds is offered in public schools in every school district in Oklahoma. Because even though red states like Oklahoma don't generally support big social policies, there's nothing really controversial about it at this point.

この一文一文を削除すれば、ジョーは普遍的なプログラムを提案していたことになる。しかし、それを理解するには法案をよく読む必要がある。ジョーは、これが普遍的なプレ幼稚園を創設する法案だとは言っていない。彼が言ったのは、これは4歳児を幼稚園から遠ざける法案であり、誰もが任意で参加できるものだ、ということだった。法案はまた、学区は既存の早期保育事業者と契約するために資金を使うことができるとした。4歳児プログラムを開始するために州から資金をもらい、その資金ですでにある幼児教育プログラムを雇用することもできる。もちろ

It's established. There are results. Families are happy. Communities are happy. They know it's a good program. They see the success of the children and how much they love school.

確立されている。結果が出ている。家族は幸せだ。地域社会も満足している。良いプログラムだとわかっている。子どもたちが成功し、学校が大好きになるのを目の当たりにするのです。

In Oklahoma, pre-k is just when school begins. I don't run into anybody anymore that doesn't know that there's a pre-k program. It's there. It's just part of what we offer. And most of them, because they need it for child care, go ahead and sign up. Implementing universal pre-k isn't easy or cheap. You need qualified teachers and often construction of new facilities. But the biggest lesson from Oklahoma for me was if states can find a way to do this, whether it's through groups of dedicated advocates and educators demonstrating why it's good for kids and parents, or it's through a little wheeling and dealing, the programs once in place are beloved across the political spectrum. It's a wonderful program and fills the need of a lot of parents. Where do they want their children to be when they're four years old? Just this year, a Republican lawmaker in Oklahoma introduced a bill that would expand free pre-k to all three-year-olds in the state.

オクラホマ州では、就学前教育は学校が始まってから始まる。プレ幼稚園があることを知らない人はもういません。あるんです。あるんです。そして、ほとんどの人は、育児に必要だからということで、申し込みに行くのです。ユニバーサル・プレKを導入するのは簡単ではないし、安くもない。資格を持った教師が必要だし、新しい施設を建設することも多い。しかし、オクラホマ州から私が得た最大の教訓は、もし各州がこの方法を見つけることができれば、熱心な支持者や教育者のグループを通じて、なぜそれが子供や親にとって良いのかを実証することができ

It hasn't passed, with some lawmakers noting the pressure it would put on private early childhood education centers. But just the fact that a Republican wanted to offer free education to all three-year-olds is just so Oklahoma.

民間の幼児教育センターへの圧力になるとの指摘もあり、可決には至っていない。しかし、共和党員がすべての3歳児に無料教育を提供しようとしているという事実だけでも、オクラホマらしい。

字幕リスト動画再生

なぜこの赤い州は就学前教育を無料にしたのか (Why this red state made preschool free)

demonstrate

incentive

quality

exist