But I didn't start out obsessed with food.

エレンです 私は食べ物が大好きです

I started out obsessed with global security policy,

初めからそれに引かれたのではありません

because I lived in New York during 9/11 and it was a very relevant thing.

世界の安全保障政策から始めました

I got from global security policy to food

9/11当時ニューヨーク在住で強く影響されたからです

because I realized when I'm hungry, I'm really pissed off,

そこから食に行きついた理由は

and I'm assuming the rest of the world is too.

私は空腹時のイライラに気付いたからでした

Especially if you and your kids are hungry and your neighbor's kids are hungry

そこで他の人も同様だと推測しました

and your whole neighborhood is hungry.

自分に加え自分の子供も

And actually, it looks like the areas of the world that are hungry

近所の子供 近所の人全体が空腹なら

are also the areas of the world that are pretty insecure.

更に腹立たしいことでしょう

So I took a job at the United Nations World Food Programme

実際驚いたことに飢餓を抱える

as a way to try to address these security issues

地域というのは 同時に治安も

through food security issues.

よくないことが多いのです

There, I came across what I think is the most brilliant of their programs.

そこで食の問題を通じて安全保障問題に

It's called School Feeding and it's a really simple idea

働きかける手段として 私は

to get in the middle of the cycle of poverty and hunger

国連世界食糧計画に参加しました

that continues for a lot of people around the world, and stop it.

そこで働いていた間 彼らの計画で

A free school meal gets kids into school,

1番素敵だと思うものに出会いました

which is education, the first step out of poverty,

それは学校食糧支援と呼ばれ 世界中で

but it also gives them the micronutrients and the macronutrients they need

拡大を続ける飢餓と貧困の循環に割って入り

to develop mentally and physically.

それを食い止める分かり易い計画です

While I was working at the UN, I met this girl. Her name is Lauren Bush.

無料で給食を配ることで児童が学校に来ます

And she had this really awesome idea to sell the bag, called the "Feed Bag" --

教育は貧困を脱する手掛かりになり

which is really beautifully ironic because you can strap on the Feed Bag.

その上児童は精神や肉体的発育に必要な

But each bag we'd sell would provide

主要栄養素やビタミンを給食で摂取できます

a year's worth of school meals for one kid.

国連ではローレン ブッシュに出会いました

It's so simple, and we thought, OK,

彼女はFEED bagという名のバッグを

it costs between 20 and 50 bucks to provide school feeding for a year.

売るという素晴しい考えを持っていました

We could sell these bags and raise a ton of money and awareness

飼料袋から食費を得るという皮肉なものです

for the World Food Programme.

しかしバッグを1つ売るごとに

But at the UN, sometimes things move slowly

1人の児童に1年分給食を支給できるのです

and they basically said no.

単純な話です 私達は考えました

And we thought, this is such a good idea, it's going to raise so much money.

1年の給食供給のコストは

So we said screw it, we'll start our own company,

大体20～50ドルだから

which we did, three years ago.

このバッグ販売を通じ巨額の資金をあげ

That was my first dream, to start this company called FEED,

世界食糧計画も大きく広める事もできるのに

and here's a screenshot of our website.

ご存知の通り国連の対応は時に遅く

We did a bag for Haiti just a month after the earthquake

基本的に「だめ」と言われました

to provide school meals for kids in Haiti.

多額の資金をあげる素晴しい案なのにです

So FEED's doing great.

何くそと思い3年前会社を立ち上げました

We've so far provided 55 million meals to kids around the world

このFEEDの創立が私の第1の夢でした

by selling now 550,000 bags, a ton of bags, a lot of bags.

これがウェブサイトの画像です

All this time you're really --

このバッグ販売をハイチの地震発生1ヶ月後

hunger is a hard thing to think about,

子供たちへの学校給食提供の為始めました

because what we think about is eating.

FEEDは順調に機能しており 55万5千の

I think about eating a lot and I really love it.

バッグ販売により 世界中の子供たちに

And the thing that's strange about international hunger

今までに5500万食を提供してきました

and talking about international issues

飢餓を考えると 食べることを考えてしまい

is that most people want to know:

真に飢餓の事を考えることは難しいことです

"What are you doing for America's kids?"

私の頭も食べることで一杯ですし 大好きです

There's definitely hunger in America:

国際的飢餓には少し奇妙な点があり

49 million people and almost 16.7 million children.

国際問題を討論することは しばしば

I mean that's pretty dramatic for our own country.

米国で何がされるのかに興味がいきます

Hunger definitely means something different in America

米国の子供達の為に何をしている？

than it does internationally,

米国にも間違いなく飢餓はあります

but it's incredibly important to address hunger in our own country.

4900万の大人と1670万の子供

But the bigger problem that we all know about is obesity,

米国にとってとても大きな問題ですね

and it's dramatic.

米国内外で飢餓の意味は大きく違いますが

The other thing that's dramatic

米国内の飢餓に取り組む事もとても重要です

is that both hunger and obesity have really risen in the last 30 years.

しかしご存知の通り より深刻な問題は

Unfortunately, obesity's not only an American problem.

肥満で こちらは劇的です

It's actually been spreading all around the world

飢餓と肥満はここ30年で激化してきた

and mainly through our kind of food systems that we're exporting.

ということも注目すべきです

The numbers are pretty crazy.

不幸に肥満は米国だけの問題ではありません

There's a billion people obese or overweight

事実世界中に広まってきています

and a billion people hungry.

主に米国の食システムの流布に起因しており

So those seem like two bifurcated problems,

その数は膨大です

but I kind of started to think about, you know,

地球には10億以上の肥満患者と

what is obesity and hunger?

10億以上の飢餓に苦しむ人がいます

What are both those things about?

この問題は2つに枝分かれしている様ですが

Well, they're both about food.

私は肥満と飢餓の関連性は

And when you think about food,

何であるか考えてみました

the underpinning of food in both cases is potentially problematic agriculture.

両方とも食に関係しています

And agriculture is where food comes from.

食について考えるとき

Agriculture in America's very interesting.

両者の根底にあるのは

It's very consolidated

おそらく問題のある農業なのです

and the foods that are produced lead to the foods that we eat.

農業は食料供給源です

The foods that are produced are, more or less, corn, soy and wheat.

米国の農業はとても興味深く

And that's three-quarters of the food that we're eating:

極めて統合化されています

processed foods and fast foods.

そこで生産される食物を私達が食べるのです

Unfortunately, in our agricultural system,

生産物の大抵はトウモロコシ 小麦 大豆で

we haven't done a good job in the last three decades

それが私達の食べる75％の食料となる

of exporting those technologies around the world.

ファーストフードと加工食品なのです

So African agriculture, which is the place of most hunger in the world,

不運にもこの農業システムは

has actually fallen precipitously as hunger has risen.

ここ30年間世界に技術発信する

So somehow we're not making the connect

という意味ではうまく機能していません

between exporting a good agricultural system

世界最大の飢餓を抱えるアフリカの農業は

that will help feed people all around the world.

飢餓が深刻化するにつれて

Who is farming? That's what I was wondering.

劇的に衰退してきました

So I went and stood on a big grain bin in the Midwest,

つまり私達は世界中の人々に

and that really didn't help me understand farming,

食料供給に適した農作システムの

but I think it's a really cool picture.

輸出と関連付けがなされていません

And the reality is that between farmers in America --

誰が農業をしているのでしょう？と思いました

who actually, quite frankly, when I spend time in the Midwest,

そこで中西部の穀物保管所を訪れました

are pretty large in general.

農業への理解は特に促されませんでしたが

And their farms are also large.

素晴しい写真を撮れたと思います

But farmers in the rest of the world are actually quite skinny,

それで実際かなり率直に言わせてもらうと

and that's because they're starving.

これは米国の農業者だけですが

Most hungry people in the world are subsistence farmers.

私が中西部で過ごしたときには

And most of those people are women --

皆おおむね太っていたのが現実です

which is a totally other topic that I won't get on right now,

農場自体も巨大なものです

but I'd love to do the feminist thing at some point.

しかし他の国の農業従事者たちは

I think it's really interesting to look at agriculture from these two sides.

空腹の為とてもやせ細っています 世界で最も

There's this large, consolidated farming that's led to what we eat in America,

空腹を抱えているのは自給自足農業者なんです

and it's really been since around 1980, after the oil crisis,

そしてそのほとんどが女性なんです

when, you know -- mass consolidation,

これは全く別の話なので今回は言及しませんが

mass exodus of small farmers in this country.

いつか男女同権問題にも取り組みたいです

And then in the same time period,

この様に農業を2つの観点から

we've kind of left Africa's farmers to do their own thing.

眺めることはとても興味深いものです

Unfortunately, what is farmed ends up as what we eat.

これ程巨大な統合農場があり

And in America, a lot of what we eat has led to obesity

そこで米国の食料が生産されています

and has led to a real change

この様な統合が始まり

in sort of what our diet is, in the last 30 years.

米国の小さな農場が消えたのは

It's crazy.

オイルショック以降で

A fifth of kids under two drinks soda.

正に1980年代からです

Hello! You don't put soda in bottles.

そしてこの同じ期間私達は

But people do, because it's so cheap,

米国農業従事者には自由にさせてきました

and so our whole food system in the last 30 years has really shifted.

不幸にも生産される物が私達の食料となります

I mean, you know, it's not just in our own country,

米国では私達の食料の多くが

but really we're exporting the system around the world,

肥満を引き起こし ここ30年で

and when you look at the data of least developed countries --

食生活を大きく変えてきました

especially in cities, which are growing really rapidly --

狂っています

people are eating American processed foods.

2歳未満の子供の20％がソーダを飲んでいます

And in one generation, they're going from hunger

哺乳瓶にソーダは普通入れないでしょう

and all of the detrimental health effects of hunger

でも多くの人は入れています 安いからです

to obesity and things like diabetes and heart disease in one generation.

このようにここ30年で私達の食生活は

So the problematic food system is affecting both hunger and obesity.

まるっきり変わってしまいました

Not to beat a dead horse, but this is a global food system

これは米国だけの問題ではありません

where there's a billion people hungry and a billion people obese.

同食システムを世界中に輸出しているからです

I think that's the only way to look at it.

後進国のデータを見てみると

And instead of taking these two things

特に急激成長する都市部では

as bifurcated problems that are very separate,

米国加工食品が消費されています

it's really important to look at them as one system.

すると１代にして

We get a lot of our food from all around the world

飢餓が健康に与える害から

and people from all around the world are importing our food system,

肥満の問題へと移行し

so it's incredibly relevant to start a new way of looking at it.

糖尿病や心臓病といった

I've learned -- and the technology people here,

問題にとって代わられるのです

which I'm totally not one of --

この問題を抱えた食のシステムは

but apparently, it really takes 30 years

飢餓と肥満両方に影響しています

for a lot of technologies to become really endemic to us,

もう言うまでもありませんが

like the mouse and the Internet and Windows.

世界中で10億を超える肥満 飢餓を抱える

You know, there's 30-year cycles.

世界規模の食システムの問題なのです

I think 2010 can be a really interesting year

これが唯一の見解だと思います

because it is the end of the 30-year cycle,

この2つの事象を別個に枝分かれした

and it's the birthday of the global food system.

問題と捉えるのではなく 1体系として

That's the first birthday I want to talk about.

捉えることが重要なのです

If we really think that this is something that's happened in the last 30 years,

私達は食の多くを世界中から仕入れてます

there's hope in that.

そして世界は米国の食システムを輸入しています

It's the 30th anniversary of GMO crops

新たな見方に大きな意味があるわけです

and the Big Gulp, Chicken McNuggets, high-fructose corn syrup,

私は皆さんの様に高度な技術に

the farm crisis in America

精通してはいませんが 学んだことは

and the change in how we've addressed agriculture internationally.

明らかにマウス インターネット

So there's a lot of reasons to take this 30-year time period

ウインドウズなどの技術が私達に普及するまで

as sort of the creation of this new food system.

事実30年もかかるということです

I'm not the only one who's obsessed with this whole 30-year thing.

つまり30年サイクル(循環)があるんです

The icons like Michael Pollan and Jamie Oliver in his TED Prize wish

2010年は面白くなるかもしれませんね

both addressed this last three-decade time period

30年サイクルの終わりの年だからです

as incredibly relevant for food system change.

世界の食システムの誕生日でもあります

Well, I really care about 1980

だからまずこの誕生日について話します

because it's also the 30th anniversary of me this year.

以下のことがここ30年間で起こったことだと

And so in my lifetime,

考えたら 望みはあると思います

a lot of what's happened in the world --

品種改良作物 BigGulp チキンマックナゲット

and being a person obsessed with food --

異性化糖 米国内の農業危機に加えて

a lot of this has really changed.

国際的に農業に対する対応変化の

So my second dream is that I think we can look to the next 30 years

30周年記念になります つまりこのように

as a time to change the food system again.

この30年を新たな食システム創出期と

And we know what's happened in the past,

捉えるに十分な理由があるのです

so if we start now and we look at technologies

この30年に拘るのは私だけではなく

and improvements to the food system long-term,

マイケル ポーランそしてTED Prize Wishで

we might be able to recreate the food system

ジェイミーオリバーも言及していましたが

so when I give my next talk and I'm 60 years old,

この30年が大きく食システムの変革に

I'll be able to say that it's been a success.

意味を成したのです

So I'm announcing today the start of a new organization,

1980年は私にも重要です なぜなら

or a new fund within the FEED Foundation, called the 30 Project.

今年で私も30歳になるからです

And the 30 Project is really focused

そして私が生まれて今までの間に

on these long-term ideas for food system change.

世界中ではたくさんのことが起こりました

And I think by aligning international advocates that are addressing hunger

食に関心のある私からみると

and domestic advocates that are addressing obesity,

多くの事が大きく変わってきています

we might actually look for long-term solutions

そこで私の第2の夢は

that will make the food system better for everyone.

私達が次の30年を食のシステムを

We all tend to think that these systems are quite different

再び改変する時と捉えるようになることで

and people argue whether or not organic can feed the world,

私達は過去に起こった事を認識しており

but if we take a 30-year view, there's more hope in collaborative ideas.

今すぐ始め 食のシステムに対して

So I'm hoping that by connecting really disparate organizations

技術や改良を長い目で視野に入れれば

like the ONE campaign and Slow Food,

食のシステムを作り直せるかもしれません

which don't seem right now to have much in common,

私が60歳になって次お話しする時には

we can talk about holistic, long-term, systemic solutions

成功だったと言えるようになってるでしょう

that will improve food for everyone.

今日はFEED foundationの新たな基金でもある

Some ideas I've had is like, look, the reality is --

新組織 30 Projectの幕開けを発表します

kids in the South Bronx need apples and carrots

30 Projectはまさにそのような

and so do kids in Botswana.

食システムを変える長期的アイデアに

And how are we going to get those kids those nutritious foods?

着目するものです

Another thing that's become incredibly global is production of meat and fish.

世界の飢餓対策に取り組む者と

Understanding how to produce protein

国内の肥満対策に取り組む者を提携させて

in a way that's healthy for the environment

誰にとってもより良い食のシステムを創る

and healthy for people

長期的解決策が見い出せたらと思います

will be incredibly important to address things like climate change

私達は2つのシステムは全く違うと思いがちで

and how we use petrochemical fertilizers.

有機農業で世界の食料供給が可能か議論します

And, you know, these are really relevant topics

しかし30年という期間で見れば

that are long-term and important

共同案にも希望が持てます

for both people in Africa who are small farmers

ONEキャンペーンやスローフードといった

and people in America who are farmers and eaters.

現在共通点のあまりない団体を

And I also think that thinking about processed foods in a new way,

連携させることで皆の食を改善する

where we actually price the negative externalities

総合的で全体に効果のある

like petrochemicals and like fertilizer runoff

長期解決策の話ができたらと思っています

into the price of a bag of chips --

私が考えていたのは例えば現実問題として

Well, if that bag of chips then becomes inherently more expensive than an apple,

南ブロンクスの子供はボツワナの子供同様

then maybe it's time for a different sense of personal responsibility in food choice

リンゴやニンジンを必要としてます

because the choices are actually choices

どう彼らに栄養ある食品を提供するんでしょう？

instead of three-quarters of the products being made just from corn, soy and wheat.

肉と魚の生産も世界的問題となっています

The 30Project.org is launched

環境と人間に優しい方法での

and I've gathered a coalition of a few organizations to start.

たんぱく質の生産法を理解することは

And it'll be growing over the next few months.

気候変動や石油化学肥料の使用といった

But I really hope that you will all think of ways

問題に取り組む上で非常に重要です

that you can look long-term at things like the food system

これらは非常に意味のある長期的課題であり

and make change.

アフリカの小さな農家の人々と

(Applause)

アメリカの農業者や消費者である人々の