And in particular, I am going to teach you how to say that something is the same for you or for somebody else. Okay? So let's get started.

So, here is a friend of mine called David and David and I are having a conversation.

David says "I am going to the cinema."

And I say "So am I."

Now this means that I am saying to David that I am going to the cinema too.

Alright? I am also going to the cinema.

I can also say "So is Jane." and that means I am telling David that Jane is also going to the cinema. I am agreeing with him.

"I can play the piano."

"So can I."

"So can my brother."

"I have been to London three times."

"So have I."

"So have my parents."

"I am hungry."

"So am I."

and "So is Mark." Ok?

So this, on the right, this is the grammar structure that I want you to learn.

And to form this structure, we must look at the structure of the first sentence.

So we must look at what David is saying.

And if you notice, everything that David is saying. Everything is in the AFFIRMATIVE.

So since it is in the affirmative and we are agreeing with him then we must start our sentence with the word "So". Ok?

"So" means that we are agreeing with someone in the affirmative.

And we can also notice that in David's sentence, there is an auxiliary verb.

This is the auxiliary verb, the verb "to be" and it goes... it is in front of the main verb.

So since David uses an auxiliary verb, we must use the same auxiliary verb when we reply.

So we must also use the verb "to be" and we put it after the word "so".

And the verb "to be", it must agree with the subject that we are using.

So here, the subject is "I" and so we put the verb "to be" in the first person singular... which is "am"

So that is how we have "So am I"

And for Jane, it is "So is Jane."

Okay it's the same auxiliary verb, the verb "to be" but this time our subject is Jane. Now Jane is the third person singular.

So we put the verb "to be" in the third person singular which is "is"

And it's the same for the others.

Here is the auxiliary verb "can" and so we use "can" in our reply and again, we make it agree with the subject.

"can"

"I have"

"So have I."

"So have my parents."

"I am hungry."

"So am I."

"So is Mark."

Ok, so the rule is: When we are agreeing with an affirmative which has an auxiliary verb,

then the form is: "So" then the auxiliary verb and then the subject. Okay?

So that is the first rule. Now let us look at the second rule.

Similar situation. Here is Caroline.

I am talking to Caroline.

Caroline says "I like watching television."

I say "So do I."

"So does Mark."

I want to go to London."

"So do I."

"So does my brother."

"I eat bread with every meal."

"So do I."

"So do my parents."

"I walked to University today."

"So did I."

"So did Mark."

Ok, again, this is the grammar structure I want you to learn.

Again, Caroline is talking in the affirmative and so we always use the word "so".

But this time, Caroline does not use any auxiliary verbs. She only uses main verbs. Alright?

So since there are no auxiliary verbs, in our reply, then we use the verb "to do."

And again... the verb "to do", we make it agree with the subject.

Alright? So here, the subject is "I" and so we put "do" in the first person singular .

Here, it is Mark is the subject and so the third person singular of "do" is "does"

That is why we say "So DOES Mark." We do not say "So do Mark."

So "do", "does",

"So do I", "So does my brother."

"So do I.", "So do my parents.",

"So did I." - Now this one is a little bit different. This time we use the past participle because Caroline used the past tense.

She said "I walked". So we have to put the verb "do" in the past tense. So that is why we say "So did I." - The past participle.

And it's the same when we talk about Mark: "So did Mark."

Alright, so the rule here is - When we are are agreeing with an affirmative without auxiliary verbs,

then we say: "So", then the verb "to do" and then the subject. Ok?

Here is Peter. I am talking to Peter.

Peter says "I am not going out tonight."

"Neither am I."

and "Neither is Jane."

"I can't hear the music."

"Neither can I."

and "Neither can Mark."

"I have never been to London."

"Neither have I."

"Neither have my parents."

"I am not hungry."

"Neither am I."

and "Neither is Sarah." Alright?

So here, this is the negative. So Peter is using the negative in all of his sentences.

And we are agreeing with him. So when we want to agree with somebody who is using the negative,

then we start the sentence with the word "neither". Alright? That is pronounced "neither"

And then, it is exactly the same as the first rule.

So Peter is using auxiliary verbs and so we must also use auxiliary verbs in the correct form. In the correct conjugation. Okay?

We must make the auxiliary verb agree with the subject.

"Neither am I."

"Neither is Jane."

"can", "Neither can Mark."

"have", "Neither have I.",

"Neither have my parents."

and "Neither am I." and

"Neither is Sarah."

So we are agreeing again with Peter.

Peter is using the negative and we agree with him.

We are saying "I am NOT hungry as well." okay? And "Sarah is not hungry." So we say "Neither is Sarah."

So the rule here is - When we are agreeing with a negative which has auxiliary verbs,

then we say "Neither", then the auxiliary verb, then the subject.

Okay? Now the last rule. This is the last and number four.

Here is Clare. Clare and I are talking.

"I don't like tennis."

"Neither do I."

"Neither does Mark."

"I don't want to go home."

"Neither do I."

"Neither does my sister."

"I never drink alcohol."

"Neither do I."

and "Neither do my parents."

"I didn't walk to work today."

"Neither did I."

and "Neither did Mark."

So again, Clare is using the negative in all of her sentences and when we agree with a negative, we start with the word "neither."

And then, her sentences do not use any auxiliary verbs.

And so with our reply, we use the verb "to do" and we put the verb "to do" in the correct form to agree with the subject.

So "do", "does", "do", "does".

So again, a reminder, "does" is the third person singular of the verb "to do".

"do", "do"

And the last two, we say "did" and again, it is because the original... (sorry) ..the original sentence was in the past tense.

Okay? Clare said "I didn't walk to work." This is the past tense and so we use the past participle in our reply.

So here, the rule is - When we are agreeing with a negative without auxiliary verbs,

then we say "Neither", then the verb "to do" and then the subject.

Ok, now for an exercise.

Question one: I would like you to choose two famous people who have things in common. Who have something in common. Two famous people who are similar.

Now my example would be two famous footballers. Two famous football players. English football players called David Beckham and Alan Shearer.

And then I would like you to write a sentence in the affirmative which shows that they are similar.

So for my example. This is my answer:

"David Beckham scored many goals and so did Alan Shearer."

So this is in the affirmative. And this is saying that Alan Shearer did the same as David Beckham.

And question three: I would like you to write a sentence in the NEGATIVE to show that they are similar. This time, I would like you to use the negative.

My example. My answer is: David Beckham no longer plays football and neither does Alan Shearer.

So here, because it is the negative, we are using the word "neither" to compare Alan Shearer with David Beckham.

But those are MY answers. I would like to know what your answers are. I want YOU to do the exercise.

And I would like you to write your answers in the comments of the video. Okay?

So below the video, there is the comments section. and I would like you to do...answer these three questions and you write your answers in the comments.

And I will reply to you in the comments to tell you whether your answer is right or wrong.

Okay? So as I said, it's below the video. It's underneath...

and so... you can do it now if you like. If you would like, you can pause the video now and you can write your answers in the comments.

and I promise I will reply to all of you to tell you if you are right or wrong. Okay so if you want to do it now, you can pause.

And if not, you can perhaps do it later.

But that is now the end of the lesson so thank you very much for watching.

This is my Twitter account if you would like to follow me on Twitter.

And here are two other videos which might be of interest to you. This one is a listening exercise and this one is another grammar lesson.

Alright, thank you very much for watching. My name is Andrew at Crown Academy of English. Thank you for watching. Bye bye :)