Name: 9.レンガから大理石へアウグストゥスがローマを組み立てる (9. From Brick to Marble: Augustus Assembles Rome)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:19:07.000Z
Duration: 1 h 15 min 3 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

which was beginning to emerge as the world's,

or the ancient world's, greatest superpower,

an emergence that we're going to see had a profound impact on

And we'll also see that there were a number of men who

and they're men that I'm going to talk about with you today.

These included Julius Caesar, Pompey the Great,

first emperor of Rome, and it's the reason that I have

decided to call this lecture today "From Brick to

You see on the left-hand side of the screen a portrait of

It's now in Berlin, and I believe actually that it

is a portrait that was commissioned by Cleopatra

She commissioned it for a building that she and Caesar

were putting up in Alexandria, called the Caesareum that

honored Caesar, and you can see that he is

represented as he was-- it's a quite realistic portrait

with the lines and wrinkles, with his receding hairline and

On the right hand-side of the screen we see an image of Pompey

the Great, a marble portrait that is now in the Ny Carlsberg

And a portrait that shows that Pompey the Great very much

wanted to ally himself with Alexander the Great,

because if you look at his very full head of hair,

you can see that he wears it in the center,

pushed up in a kind of pompadour, which is a reference

to the same kind of upsweep that was worn by Alexander the Great.

I want to give you a little bit of information about Caesar,

accomplishments, because these are going to have

an impact on the architecture, on our discussion of the

architecture that he commissioned in Rome.

We know that Caesar was elected consul, in 59 B.C.

He then joined with Pompey the Great, and with a man by the

name of Crassus, to form what is known as the

The result of that First Triumvirate was in part that

But despite all good intentions, just a few years

later, in 54 B.C., the Triumvirate fell apart.

Difficult times were the case in Rome between 53 and 50 B.C.

There were food shortages and riots in the city,

and the Senate was very concerned that these uprisings

would lead to a takeover by the populace of the city.

He took control of the Senate and he restored order,

and his reward for so doing is that the Senate was willing to

work with him to try to overthrow his rival,

Crassus, the other member of the Triumvirate,

But Caesar got the upper hand, at the end of the day,

and it was Caesar who defeated Pompey the Great at a very

After the Battle of Pharsalos and his defeat by Julius Caesar,

Pompey fled to Egypt where he was murdered,

and in fact the Egyptians slit Pompey's head,

put it on a plate and presented it to Caesar.

Now you'd think Caesar would have been happy about that.

He wasn't, because although he was thrilled to have defeated

Pompey the Great, he did not like seeing the head

of a fellow Roman delivered to him on a plate.

Caesar, at that point, despite his victory,

what was foremost in his mind was his affair with Cleopatra,

and he stayed in Egypt with Cleopatra for a period of time.

But in 45 B.C., by 45 B.C., he had returned to

in 45, and after that he pursued fiscal reforms for Rome,

and also he commissioned a number of very important public

Despite the fact that he initiated those reforms and

built buildings and built up the city in interesting ways,

the aristocrats in Rome considered Caesar a tyrant.

They considered him a tyrant because they felt that the

influence of Cleopatra had rubbed off too much on him and

and the aristocrats encouraged his murder.

And he was assassinated, as all of you know,

by Cassius and Brutus in the year 44 B.C.,

on the Ides of March, and he was divinized by the

the writer Suetonius, who was a secretary and a

biographer to the emperor Hadrian in the second century

the Twelve Caesars, a very famous biography that

many of you may know served as the basis for Robert Graves'

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9.レンガから大理石へアウグストゥスがローマを組み立てる (9. From Brick to Marble: Augustus Assembles Rome)

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