I'm a board-certified toxicologist, and I'm here today to answer your questions from Twitter.

私は認定毒物学者です。

This is "Poison Support".

と、本日はTwitterからの質問にお答えします。

First up, we have a question from @koobylikon.

これが「ポイズンサポート」です。

Dude, what makes poison poisonous?

まずは、@koobylikonさんからの質問です。

Well, a poison is a substance that can do damage to any living organism or to the environment,

おい、なんで毒が毒になるんだ？

but it's really all about the dose.

まあ、毒はダメージを与える物質です。

Low dose, less effects.

生物または環境に対して

High dose, generally higher effects.

If you drank six liters of water, that probably could kill you.

が、本当は服用量が重要なのです。

How about 118 cups of coffee in a row, or 75 espressos?

低用量で効果が少ない。

That would give you an overdose of caffeine.

Something else that could kill you right on your table: 225 gram of salt.

高用量で、一般に高い効果が得られる。6リットルの水を飲んだら

There's a lot of things that you might not think are poisonous, but in the right dose they most definitely are.

それはおそらく、あなたを殺すかもしれない。

@nextyounginn, WTF is sun poisoning?

連続118杯のコーヒー、75杯のエスプレッソはいかがでしょうか。それだとカフェインの過剰摂取になる。 テーブルの上であなたを殺すかもしれないもの。

I thought it was just called sunburn.

塩225g。

Both sun poisoning and sunburn are both caused by over exposure to UV rays.

いろいろなものがある

A severe, so sunburn becomes sun poisoning when it moves from just that red, hot rash to blisters,

毒があるとは思えないような

feeling like you have the flu, dizzy, or nauseous.

Sun poisoning is your body's immune reaction to all of that sun damage.

So what do you do if you have either of those things?

しかし、適切な量を摂取すれば、間違いなく効果があります。

Make sure you drink lots and lots of water.

That sun damage will dehydrate you, and dehydration is the cause of a whole lot of other problems.

@nextyounginn 日光毒性ってwwww

Stay out of the sun, apply cool, not icy cold, compresses on your skin.

Take an over-the-counter anti-inflammatory agent as well.

日焼けって言うくらいだから、そうなんだろうと思っていました。

@WalkingDad_IE.

日射病も日焼けも、どちらも原因は紫外線を過剰に浴びることで

So if one happened to smash a mercury thermometer and then happened to spend an hour forensically gathering tiny dots of quicksilver from the floor,

ひどい日焼けは日射病になる

how would one happen to safely dispose of the evidence?

赤くて熱い発疹から水ぶくれに変わるとき。

It is very, very important that you are careful and complete in how you actually clean up this spill.

インフルエンザにかかったような感じ、めまい、吐き気がする。

Mercury can vaporize, get into the air, and you can breathe it.

So you wanna see if you can have your windows open.

Please don't touch it.

日射病は体の免疫反応

I know it's fun to let it play in your hand, but you can't do that anymore.

を、その日焼けによるダメージの全てに。

So wear some gloves.

では、そのどちらかに該当する場合はどうすればいいのでしょうか？

Be very careful.

水をたくさんたくさん飲むようにしましょう。

Use duct tape to kind of pound on the ground to clean it up.

その日焼けのダメージで脱水してしまう。

You can use damp paper towels.

そして脱水は、他の多くの問題の原因となる。

All of those thing, those cleaning supplies, everything, put into some kind of giant Ziploc-type bag,

and then you're gonna have to wait until you have a hazardous waste collection day and dispose of it properly.

Do not clean up spilled mercury with the vacuum cleaner.

太陽に当たらないようにする。

Mercury is very, very dangerous for the environment, and it's also not great for you either.

氷のように冷たい湿布ではなく、冷たい湿布を肌に貼る。市販の抗炎症剤も服用してください。

From @RickNowack, what is the most poisonous mushroom?

@WalkingDad_IEです。だから、もし、水銀温度計を壊してしまったとしても

It's a poisonous mushroom.

と思ったら

Does it have to have the most poisonous?

小さな点を集めるために1時間かけてフォレンジックを行い

Well, if you really want to know, it's probably the death cap mushroom.

床から流石の

Within six to 12 hours, you are in incredible pain.

Nausea, vomiting, violent chills, muscle contractions, all of these nasty things.

And eventually, if the dose was high enough, you end up having liver failure, multiple organ failure, and death.

どのようにしたら、証拠を安全に処分することができるのでしょうか？

From Crimson Sexta,

I've been trying for so long to explain the difference between venom and poison when it comes to snakes to my friends. Help!

友達を誘う・・・。

The difference really is how that poison is delivered to the person.

注意することはとてもとても重要です

A poison is administered or you're exposed to it via breathing or touching it or ingesting it.

そして、この流出事故を実際にどのように処理するのか、完全なものにしてください。

Venom, that is also a poison, but it's how you get that poison.

水銀は気化して空気に触れることがあります。

That's more of a sting or a bite. So it's more active.

を、呼吸することができます。

You eat a frog, that's a poison.

だから、窓を開けられるかどうか確認したいんですね。

You get bit by a copperhead snake, that's a venomous attack.

@WildlifeDefence asks, what is Compound 1080?

Compound 1080 is an extremely potent predacide.

Predacide is designed to kill predators.

So if you've got sheep and goats in your field and you've got a problem with coyotes, well, this is what you would use.

触れないでください。

Because Compound 1080 is so potent, they have a special way to administer it to avoid killing broad numbers of animals in your field.

There's a collar that they put around the neck.

手元で再生させるのも楽しいとは思いますが。

So it's got a collar with a reservoir of the 1080 right along the neck so that when the coyote comes along and grabs the neck,

it bites into that reservoir and is immediately poisoned and dies.

@LTHSAPES asks, what does a toxicologist study?

が、もうそれはできない。

Just like there's different kinds of doctors, there's lots of different kinds of toxicologists.

だから、手袋をするんだ。十分注意してください。

I am an occupational toxicologist, and my job is to look at all the things that could be in a workplace.

ガムテープで地面を叩いて掃除するような感じで。

Food toxicologists, for example, they work to make sure our food supply is safe.

湿らせたペーパータオルを使ってもよい。

I even know a toxicologist that works at a winery.

それらのもの、掃除用具のすべて。

From @bluebellbats, Google search how to detect poison.

Unfortunately, to detect a poison, I'm gonna need to have a little bit more information.

をすべて、ジップロックのような巨大な袋に入れる。

If the lead singer is Brett Michaels, then I'm sure it is poison.

そして、あなたは待つ必要があります

If it's just bad medicine, sorry, that's Bon Jovi.

有害廃棄物収集日までは

If it's party poison, that's My Chemical Romance.

を購入し、適切に廃棄してください。

@katlinnrebecca asks, so is alcohol actually poison, or...

こぼれた水銀を掃除機で掃除しないでください。

Anything can be a poison in the right dose, and alcohol is definitely a poison If you drink too much.

水銀は環境にとって、とてもとても危険な物質です。というのも、体にもよくありません。 RickNowackさんより、最も毒の強いキノコは何ですか？

First of all, alcohol can impair your central nervous system so that can slow your breathing.

毒キノコなんです。

A byproduct of alcohol metabolism is the formation of acetaldehyde.

一番毒がないとダメなんですか？

Acetaldehyde is a chemical that really likes to damage parts of your liver.

Long-term, that slow exposure over time to alcohol and its metabolites can result in cirrhosis and other kinds of liver damage,

eventually leading to potentially liver cancer.

まあ、本当に知りたいのなら

From @lkhouvanjou75, mad hatters were mad because of the lead/mercury? Anybody know(s) why?

デスカップキノコでしょう。

I do.

Hatters were mad because of the lead mercury anybody know why I do.

6時間から12時間以内に、信じられないような痛みに襲われるのです。

It was mercury.

吐き気、嘔吐、激しい悪寒。

Mercury was used to help make the different skins.

筋肉の収縮など、厄介なものばかりです。

They used for hats, help that firm matt really well.

そして最終的には、投与量が十分であれば

It also toughened up the fibers and was made of very high quality felt that was going to be used in the hat.

肝不全になってしまう。

Part of the hat making process is that you steam the hat that releases all of that mercury into the air and then they briefed it.

多臓器不全、そして死亡。

They said that they were mad Hatters, it's because of many of the psychological symptoms that the over exposure to the mercury caused hallucinations, dizziness.

クリムゾン・セクスタより。

Tremors.

I've been trying so long

You think of Mad Hatter's actually is something being from victorian times.

毒と毒の違いを説明するために

But actually it wasn't until 19 forties that in the United States the governor of Connecticut banned the use of mercury in hats Appy paul asks, how long does poison take to work?

ヘビといえば、私の友人たち。

Some poisons can make you sick right after you ingest breathe or touch it.

助けて

Other poise reasons those can take a lifetime to really manifest in its adverse effects.

違いは、その毒をどう届けるかです。

Something like cyanide.

を本人に伝える。

You've seen them eat those poison pills in movies that definitely can kill you within a few minutes.

毒物を投与された、または毒物にさらされた

Cyanide is a very toxic chemical and it is extremely potent.

呼吸や接触、摂取によって

When you get exposed to cyanide, it quickly enters your cell and stops your cell's ability to actually make energy.

ベノム、それも毒です。

You see the convulsions, you have a heart attack, you have different problems within your heart and it's all because cyanide is really good about getting in your body and inside those cells where irreversibly stops all energy production.

が、その毒をいかにして手に入れるかだ。

Let's take another example like e.

それは、刺すというか、噛むというか。

Coli contaminated lettuce, you eat your sandwich, you're happy and then that bacteria produces a toxin that slowly gets released and absorbed into your gut and into the rest of your body.

だから、よりアクティブなのです。

So it takes a few days often for e.

カエルを食べたら、それは毒です。

Coli to really start to exert its adverse effect.

コッパーヘッドの蛇に噛まれる。

That's one of the reasons why food poisoning is so difficult to diagnose.

というのは毒舌ですね。

You have to go back to food that you ate maybe three or four days ago and I can't even remember what I had for breakfast 96 Berry asks if a poison expires will it still be poisonous or will it not actually it really depends.

@WildlifeDefenceからの質問、コンパウンド1080とは何ですか？

Some drugs, some pesticides, some um chemicals that are poisons, they break down very readily when they're exposed to air moisture.

コンパウンド1080は、非常に強力な殺虫剤です。

Some poisons are what I would consider shelf stable.

プレダサイドは捕食者を殺すために作られたものです。

It doesn't matter how long that they sit around they're still going to be just as potent as the day they came out of the factory.

だから、もしあなたの畑に羊やヤギがいたら

A two pathways.

とコヨーテに悩まされることになる。

Media asks, what are the long term effects of lead poisoning serious?

まあ、こういう使い方をするんだろう。

The problem with lead is that it is still in your bones as you age and you naturally lose bone density, lead is slowly released?

コンパウンド1080は強力ですから。

A young child who happens to ingest lead paint?

特別な方法で管理されている

They're gonna be seen with lower I.

を使えば、自分のフィールドで広く動物を殺さないようにすることができます。

Q.

首につける首輪があるんです。

Potentially hearing problems and adults a lot of times the adverse effects most associated with lead exposure is high blood pressure and what happens when you have constant high blood pressure.

だから、1080の右のリザーバーで襟を立てているのです。

You're at higher risk for stroke and heart attack.

コヨーテが来た時に首筋に沿うように

The Larson asked what is the deadliest poison?

と首を掴みます。

Clostridium botulinum bacteria?

牙をむくと毒に当たる

These are usually happy little microbes that live in soil when they are deprived of oxygen.

と死ぬ。

They produce the world's most deadliest toxin botulinum.

@LTHSAPESからの質問、毒物学者は何を研究しているのですか？

You can find botulism toxin in expired food containers, don't eat those botulism toxin causes an inhibition of the release of acetylcholine as diagrammed here.

医者に種類があるのと同じです。

So if you cannot release acetylcholine then you can't have your muscles contract then you really can't breathe and your heart won't work correctly.

毒物学者の中にもいろいろな人がいます。

But there's actually an upside to botulism toxin.

私は職業毒物学者です。

It's called Botox.

そして、私の仕事は、すべてのものを見ることです。

There are lots of people that really don't want certain muscles in their face to contract anymore.

職場にありそうなこと

They go to the doctor and they get an injection of Botox.

例えば、食品毒物学者。

You can also use botulism toxin to treat several other kinds of conditions like migraines.

私たちの食の安全を確保するために働いているのです。

Certain rapid blinking diseases.

ワイナリーで働く毒物学者も知っています。

You can also get Botox injections to stop excessive sweating.

ブルーベルバッツ（@bluebellbats）より。

A young slave asked question, how does overdosing on pills actually work?

Google検索で毒の検出方法。

Genuinely curious.

残念ながら、毒を検出するために

An overdose doesn't necessarily mean death.

もう少し情報が欲しい。

An overdose means that you've absolutely taken too much of that particular medicine and that could result in adverse effects that are detrimental to life and health.

リード・シンガーがブレット・マイケルズなら。

Another way that you can overdose results from a combination may be of different drugs that you normally would take separately.

なら、きっと毒なんだろう。

That when combined they all have the same intended effect.

ただの悪薬だったら、ごめんなさい、それはボン・ジョヴィです。

And then that overwhelms your body and that can be what kills you.

パーティーの毒なら、それはマイ・ケミカル・ロマンスだ。

Here's another example.

アルコールは毒なんですか？

You build up tolerance for a certain drug for a while and then you stop taking it.

どんなものでも、適量であれば毒になる。

Your body goes back to the pre levels of how it was able to metabolize it and then all of a sudden you take another high dose thinking, hey, that's the dose I used to take and that throws you into an overdose.

と、アルコールは飲み過ぎると間違いなく毒です。

Okay, Adele press how fast does hemlock work.

まず、アルコールは中枢神経系を障害します。

I'm thinking I should stockpile Brompton's cocktails in the 19 thirties.

呼吸を遅くすることができるように。

A Brompton cocktail was commonly given to term me ill people.

アルコール代謝の副産物として、以下のものが生成されます。

It was this crazy mixture of morphine, cocaine alcohol, anti nausea agents as well as tranquilizers.

アセトアルデヒドの

The goal of a Brompton cocktail was to relieve pain and to help you be awake enough so that you could talk to your friends when they came to visit you on your deathbed.

アセトアルデヒドは、本当に好きな化学物質です。

You also ask about hemlock hemlock is a plant that the leaves and especially the roots are very, very poisonous.

肝臓の一部を損傷すること。

So you really wouldn't take a Brompton cocktail and add some hemlock to it because the Brompton cocktail was really made not to help you die, but to help you be happy and pain free when your friends came to visit Nick's blue pen y'all.

長期的な、時間をかけてゆっくりとアルコールにさらされること

How poisonous is pen ink?

およびその代謝物は、肝硬変を引き起こす可能性があります。

It isn't very talk according to the world health organization.

などの肝障害を引き起こす可能性があります。

Ball point pens felt tip pens, fountain pens, all of them do not contain enough toxic ingredients, even if you sucked on them to cause serious adverse effects.

最終的には肝臓がんを引き起こす可能性があります。

However, you might have a blue tongue question from sports pundit, anybody ever had rebound poison ivy rash?

lkhouvanjou75より。

No, just me.

マッドハッターは鉛/水銀のために狂っていたのか？

Perfect.

誰か理由を知っていますか？

This is not uncommon.

しています。

If you have a bad poison ivy rash.

水銀だった。

Sometimes the doctor will give you an injection of steroids, help calm your immune system down so that the rash can go away.

水銀は、彼らが使用するさまざまな皮の製造に役立っていた

If that medicine wears off before you're fully healed, then you can get what they call a rebound rash.

帽子用

That's all the questions I could find on twitter.

そのおかげで、毛並みがとてもよくなりました。

So until next time this is an chapel with poison support.

また、繊維を丈夫にするため