Name: AIを使って新しい抗生物質を発見する方法｜ジム・コリンズ (How we're using AI to discover new antibiotics | Jim Collins)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T11:13:56.000Z
Duration: 7 min 16 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

So how are we going to beat this novel coronavirus?

副詞形分詞節

In my lab, we're using the tools of artificial intelligence

to speed up the fight against this pandemic.

to tackle the antibiotic resistance crisis.

Our project seeks to harness the power of machine learning

and avoid a globally devastating postantibiotic era.

Importantly, the same technology can be used

that could help us fight the current pandemic.

Machine learning is turning the traditional model of drug discovery

instead of painstakingly testing thousands of existing molecules

we can train a computer to explore the exponentially larger space

of essentially all possible molecules that could be synthesized,

and thus, instead of looking for a needle in a haystack,

we can use the giant magnet of computing power

to find many needles in multiple haystacks simultaneously.

Recently, we used machine learning to discover new antibiotics

that can help us fight off the bacterial infections

that can occur alongside SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Two months ago, TED's Audacious Project approved funding for us

with the goal of discovering seven new classes of antibiotics

against seven of the world's deadly bacterial pathogens

that have been discovered over the last three decades is zero.

While the quest for new antibiotics is for our medium-term future,

the novel coronavirus poses an immediate deadly threat,

and I'm excited to share that we think we can use the same technology

to search for therapeutics to fight this virus.

Well, we're creating a compound training library

and with collaborators applying these molecules to SARS-CoV-2-infected cells

to see which of them exhibit effective activity.

These data will be use to train a machine learning model

that will be applied to an in silico library of over a billion molecules

to search for potential novel antiviral compounds.

We will synthesize and test the top predictions

and advance the most promising candidates into the clinic.

The Antibiotics AI Project is founded on our proof of concept research

that led to the discovery of a novel broad-spectrum antibiotic

Halicin has potent antibacterial activity

against almost all antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens,

including untreatable panresistant infections.

Importantly, in contrast to current antibiotics,

the frequency at which bacteria develop resistance against halicin

We tested the ability of bacteria to evolve resistance against halicin

after one day, we didn't see any resistance.

we didn't see any resistance against halicin.

In this pilot project, we first tested roughly 2,500 compounds against E. coli.

This training set included known antibiotics,

as well as many drugs that are not antibiotics.

to learn molecular features associated with antibacterial activity.

We then applied this model to a drug-repurposing library

and asked the model to identify molecules

that are predicted to have antibacterial properties

but don't look like existing antibiotics.

Interestingly, only one molecule in that library fit these criteria,

and that molecule turned out to be halicin.

Given that halicin does not look like any existing antibiotic,

it would have been impossible for a human, including an antibiotic expert,

Imagine now what we could do with this technology

We're also using the tools of synthetic biology,

tinkering with DNA and other cellular machinery,

to serve human purposes like combating COVID-19,

and of note, we are working to develop a protective mask

that can also serve as a rapid diagnostic test.

that you can take the cellular machinery out of a living cell

and freeze-dry it along with RNA sensors onto paper

in order to create low-cost diagnostics for Ebola and Zika.

The sensors are activated when they're rehydrated by a patient sample

that could consist of blood or saliva, for example.

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AIを使って新しい抗生物質を発見する方法｜ジム・コリンズ (How we're using AI to discover new antibiotics | Jim Collins)

immune

pandemic

evolve

artificial