Name: 工学界の画期的な女性5人 (5 Groundbreaking Women in Engineering)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T10:41:35.000Z
Duration: 11 min 52 s
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Thanks to Emerson for supporting this episode of SciShow.

To learn more, visit Emerson.com/WeLoveSTEM.

After many years of ignoring their stories, the world has finally started to talk about

Everyone should know about all the women in the past and present who have kicked butt

But we really can't talk about women in STEM enough — and we definitely don't

talk as often as we should about women who have done cool work in science's

It's a pretty wide-ranging field, and like with more basic science, it's had women

making big advances in it for a long time.

Lots of the stuff they work on and have worked on affects your day-to-day life.

We're talking train travel, your Bluetooth headphones, your hybrid cars.

So buckle up for five fantastic women in engineering.

Hedy Lamarr was a lot more brilliant than people often gave her credit for.

She's best known for being a famous 1940s actress, but she also helped come up with

the idea that today underlies secure WiFi and Bluetooth technology.

This part of Lamarr's story began in the 1930s, when she was unhappily married

She often hosted her husband's dinner parties or attended meetings with him.

And while she wasn't a fan of playing hostess to literal Nazis at these events, she did

end up learning a lot about weapons control systems from just being there.

With World War II on the horizon, that was a pretty big deal.

See, at this time, radio waves were starting to play an important role in these control systems.

And at some point, Lamarr quietly came up with an idea that would make these signals

It was an early form of what we today call frequency hopping spread spectrum.

Rather than sending all of your information over one frequency, you spread it out by sending

little packets of info over different frequencies.

The information you're sending hops from frequency to frequency — and in order to

get the whole message, you have to know when and on which frequencies

It also means that it's harder to jam your signal, because the jammer has to block lots

of radio frequencies instead of just one.

By this point, Lamarr had left her husband, gone to Hollywood, and become friends with

And finally, she started talking to him about her radio ideas, and how they could be used

The two agreed that hopping frequencies could solve the problem of people intercepting or

jamming weapons frequencies… but of course, you needed a way to know which frequency the

Together, Lamarr and Antheil came up with the idea of using player piano rolls to synchronize

If you're not familiar, these are big paper rolls that you could plug in to a piano that

They each had little cut-outs to tell the piano which notes to play when.

The idea was that each of the 88 keys on the piano could be used to represent a different frequency.

And in 1942, this team got a patent for it.

Unfortunately, the U.S. military didn't take it too seriously, and Lamarr didn't

receive wide recognition for her work until much later, when plays and movies were being

Today, though, this idea of sending packets of information over a broad range of frequencies

is what makes our WiFi secure and helps sync our Bluetooth devices.

Olive Wetzel Dennis graduated from Cornell University in 1920 with a degree in civil

engineering, then promptly went and got herself a railroad job.

That all might sound relatively normal now, but it wasn't really done at that time.

Dennis was only the second woman to graduate from Cornell's civil engineering program,

and women didn't really work for railroads.

She got a job working as a draftsman for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad and helped build

Then, not long after, she became a service engineer with the B&O.

That meant she rode the line for tens of thousands of kilometers a year, paying attention to

details, testing things out, and making all kinds of improvements.

Her work led to stain-resistant upholstery, ceiling lights that could be easily dimmed,

air conditioning, better meals, window vents that brought in fresh air and kept out dust,

Of course, when Dennis got kind of famous for her work, newspapers gave her nicknames

like “the Lady Engineer” and the “world's greatest housekeeper.”

And today, everybody appreciates that train cars are air-conditioned.

Dennis was super detail oriented, an advocate for women pursuing their dreams, and proof

that engineers don't have to invent a bunch of stuff to have a big impact.

Because really, she didn't just change trains.

Small improvement by small improvement, she also changed the way we think about transportation

and set a new standard for comfortable travel.

Annie Easley isn't a household name, and she doesn't have a huge movie about her.

But she was another one of NASA's hidden figures.

She always knew that she was good at math, but she thought she wanted to go into pharmacy

— that is, until one day in 1955, when she read about the human computers

These were people who did the calculations necessary for spaceflight.

And right away, she knew that's what she wanted to do.

Easley worked as a computer until machines replaced humans… and then she just became

awesome at programming computers instead.

As a programmer, she helped analyze alternative energy, including wind and solar power, and

she also worked to understand the storage life of batteries.

The code she wrote for analyzing energy-conversion systems actually contributed to the development

of the kinds of batteries that we use in hybrid cars today.

Easley also helped develop software for Centaur, a high-energy rocket that would become known

The Centaur was designed to use liquid hydrogen as a fuel, which was

Hydrogen is really light - it's the lightest element - and liquid hydrogen also really burns.

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工学界の画期的な女性5人 (5 Groundbreaking Women in Engineering)

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