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  • [MUSIC PLAYING]

  • LEZHIE LI: Hi, everyone.

  • My name's Lezhi, and I'm a software engineer at Uber.

  • So today I'm going to talk about how we build a visual debugging

  • tool for machine learning using TensorFlow.js.

  • So why is model debugging important?

  • Machine learning practitioners report

  • that they spend the majority of their time

  • not on building a model, but instead,

  • on iterating and debugging of the existing model.

  • So there's huge opportunity for us

  • to improve efficiency of the 80% of the time.

  • Traditionally, the only guidance for model developers

  • to evaluate a model performance is

  • by looking at performance metrics.

  • Although these metrics are useful,

  • they do not give too much insight

  • into how to improve on a model or why a model performs

  • in a certain way.

  • So given the intrinsic opacity of machine learning algorithms,

  • it is very hard for anyone who wants

  • to try to understand model performance.

  • So how do we solve that problem.

  • The idea here is that we can transform a model space problem

  • into a data space problem.

  • And by that we mean that, instead

  • of asking what went wrong with the model,

  • we look at on which data did this model make mistakes.

  • And instead of asking why a model makes certain mistakes,

  • we look into the future characteristics

  • of these failed data points.

  • So based on those two ideas, we developed

  • Manifold, which is a model agnostic visual debugger

  • for machine learning.

  • Here's the workflow of using Manifold.

  • The user will connect Manifold to the output data

  • set of several machine learning outcomes,

  • and Manifold will automatically segment these data sets

  • into subsets, each subsets containing

  • data points with similar performance with each other.

  • The users would choose the subset of their interest

  • to compare against each other, and Manifold

  • would highlight the feature distribution difference

  • of these two different subsets, and helping

  • them to diagnose the behavior of the performance outcome.

  • So while we developed these ideas into production,

  • we faced several technology challenges.

  • And among them there's a performance challenge and also

  • portability challenge.

  • So traditionally, it is the model training backend's job

  • to handle the performance metric calculation.

  • But that pattern is no more applicable

  • to our visual interface because of the latency introduced

  • by the recalculation in response to the user interaction.

  • And also, if you want to connect Manifold

  • to another machine learning training back end,

  • there are two pieces of code we need to port out, the back end

  • code and a front end code.

  • But in reality, the metrics calculation logic actually

  • belong to the visual tool and should not

  • be injected into the training back end.

  • Those two reasons shows why we put this computation logic

  • inside of front end.

  • And because this computation could get intensive as a data

  • volume increases, that's why we use

  • TensorFlow.js to help us increase the competition

  • efficiency.

  • So what are the intensive computation

  • involved in this Manifold interface?

  • In performance configuration view,

  • we compute and perform scores for each data point

  • on each model and use those metrics

  • to run the K-means clustering to segment

  • this data set into subsets.

  • And in the future attribution view, for each feature

  • we compute the distribution histograms of the two

  • different subsets, and using those

  • histograms to compute KL-divergence to rank

  • that feature importance for model developers

  • to inspect the model performance.

  • And in all of those scenarios, TensorFlow.js

  • gave us a lot of performance boosting

  • compared to plain JavaScript implementation.

  • And in some cases, the performance boosting

  • can be as high as 100 times, for the per instance model metrics

  • computation.

  • So to conclude, complex tasks such as machine learning

  • diagnosis can benefit a lot from numerical computation capacity

  • of TensorFlow.js.

  • And TensorFlow.js opens up new opportunities for developers

  • of visual analytics source.

  • OK, that's it.

  • Thank you.

  • [APPLAUSE]

  • [MUSIC PLAYING]

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B1 中級

MLのためのビジュアルデバッグツールの構築 - インタラクティブなビジュアルアナリティクスにおけるTF.js (TF Dev Summit '19) (Building a Visual Debugging Tool for ML - TF.js in Interactive Visual Analytics (TF Dev Summit '19))

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    林宜悉 に公開 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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