Name: Magna Carta - signed by King John of England - FULL Audio Book - History - Medieval England
Uploaded: 2013-03-26T01:11:28.000Z
Duration: 28 min 36 s
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JOHN, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of

Normandy and Aquitaine, and Count of Anjou, to his archbishops,

bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justices, foresters, sheriffs,

stewards, servants, and to all his officials and loyal subjects,

KNOW THAT BEFORE GOD, for the health of our soul and those of our

ancestors and heirs, to the honour of God, the exaltation of the holy

Church, and the better ordering of our kingdom, at the advice of our

reverend fathers Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all

England, and cardinal of the holy Roman Church, Henry archbishop of

Dublin, William bishop of London, Peter bishop of Winchester, Jocelin

bishop of Bath and Glastonbury, Hugh bishop of Lincoln, Walter Bishop

of Worcester, William bishop of Coventry, Benedict bishop of

Rochester, Master Pandulf subdeacon and member of the papal household,

Brother Aymeric master of the knighthood of the Temple in England,

William Marshal earl of Pembroke, William earl of Salisbury, William

earl of Warren, William earl of Arundel, Alan de Galloway constable of

Scotland, Warin Fitz Gerald, Peter Fitz Herbert, Hubert de Burgh

seneschal of Poitou, Hugh de Neville, Matthew Fitz Herbert, Thomas

Basset, Alan Basset, Philip Daubeny, Robert de Roppeley, John Marshal,

John Fitz Hugh, and other loyal subjects:

(1) FIRST, THAT WE HAVE GRANTED TO GOD, and by this present charter

have confirmed for us and our heirs in perpetuity, that the English

Church shall be free, and shall have its rights undiminished, and its

liberties unimpaired. That we wish this so to be observed, appears

from the fact that of our own free will, before the outbreak of the

present dispute between us and our barons, we granted and confirmed by

charter the freedom of the Church's elections - a right reckoned to be

of the greatest necessity and importance to it - and caused this to be

confirmed by Pope Innocent III. This freedom we shall observe ourselves,

and desire to be observed in good faith by our heirs in perpetuity.

TO ALL FREE MEN OF OUR KINGDOM we have also granted, for us and our

heirs for ever, all the liberties written out below, to have and to

keep for them and their heirs, of us and our heirs:

(2) If any earl, baron, or other person that holds lands directly of

the Crown, for military service, shall die, and at his death his heir

shall be of full age and owe a `relief', the heir shall have his

inheritance on payment of the ancient scale of `relief'. That is to

say, the heir or heirs of an earl shall pay 100 for the entire earl's

barony, the heir or heirs of a knight l00s. at most for the entire

knight's `fee', and any man that owes less shall pay less, in

accordance with the ancient usage of `fees'

(3) But if the heir of such a person is under age and a ward, when he

comes of age he shall have his inheritance without `relief' or fine.

(4) The guardian of the land of an heir who is under age shall take

from it only reasonable revenues, customary dues, and feudal services.

He shall do this without destruction or damage to men or property. If

we have given the guardianship of the land to a sheriff, or to any

person answerable to us for the revenues, and he commits destruction

or damage, we will exact compensation from him, and the land shall be

entrusted to two worthy and prudent men of the same `fee', who shall

be answerable to us for the revenues, or to the person to whom we have

assigned them. If we have given or sold to anyone the guardianship of

such land, and he causes destruction or damage, he shall lose the

guardianship of it, and it shall be handed over to two worthy and

prudent men of the same `fee', who shall be similarly answerable to

(5) For so long as a guardian has guardianship of such land, he shall

maintain the houses, parks, fish preserves, ponds, mills, and

everything else pertaining to it, from the revenues of the land

itself. When the heir comes of age, he shall restore the whole land to

him, stocked with plough teams and such implements of husbandry as the

season demands and the revenues from the land can reasonably bear.

(6) Heirs may be given in marriage, but not to someone of lower social

standing. Before a marriage takes place, it shall be' made known to

(7) At her husband's death, a widow may have her marriage portion and

inheritance at once and without trouble. She shall pay nothing for her

dower, marriage portion, or any inheritance that she and her husband

held jointly on the day of his death. She may remain in her husband's

house for forty days after his death, and within this period her dower

(8) No widow shall be compelled to marry, so long as she wishes to

remain without a husband. But she must give security that she will not

marry without royal consent, if she holds her lands of the Crown, or

without the consent of whatever other lord she may hold them of.

(9) Neither we nor our officials will seize any land or rent in

payment of a debt, so long as the debtor has movable goods sufficient

to discharge the debt. A debtor's sureties shall not be distrained

upon so long as the debtor himself can discharge his debt. If, for

lack of means, the debtor is unable to discharge his debt, his

sureties shall be answerable for it. If they so desire, they may have

the debtor's lands and rents until they have received satisfaction for

the debt that they paid for him, unless the debtor can show that he

(10) If anyone who has borrowed a sum of money from Jews dies before

the debt has been repaid, his heir shall pay no interest on the debt

for so long as he remains under age, irrespective of whom he holds his

lands. If such a debt falls into the hands of the Crown, it will take

nothing except the principal sum specified in the bond.

(11) If a man dies owing money to Jews, his wife may have her dower

and pay nothing towards the debt from it. If he leaves children that

are under age, their needs may also be provided for on a scale

appropriate to the size of his holding of lands. The debt is to be

paid out of the residue, reserving the service due to his feudal lords.

Debts owed to persons other than Jews are to be dealt with similarly.

(12) No `scutage' or `aid' may be levied in our kingdom without its

general consent, unless it is for the ransom of our person, to make

our eldest son a knight, and (once) to marry our eldest daughter. For

these purposes only a reasonable `aid' may be levied. `Aids' from the

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Magna Carta - signed by King John of England - FULL Audio Book - History - Medieval England

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