Name: CBS 60分 - あなたの心を読む (CBS 60 Minutes - Reading Your Mind)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:48:44.000Z
Duration: 13 min 19 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

程度の副詞

How often have you wondered what your spouse is really thinking?

Or the guy sitting across from you on the bus?

We all take as a given that we'll never really know for sure.

The content of our thoughts is our own-- private, secret, and unknowable by anyone else.

Neuroscience research into how we think and what we're thinking is advancing at a stunning rate,

making it possible for the first time in human history

to peer directly into the brain to read out the physical make-up of our thoughts,

This is the technology that is transforming what once was science fiction into just plain science

is a specialized use of MRI scanning called "functional MRI", fMRI for short.

That makes it possible to see what's going on inside the brain while people are thinking.

You know, every time I walk into that scanner room and I see the person's brain appear on the screen,

when I see those patterns, it is just incredible, unthinkable,

"Mind reading"? I don't kn... What do you call it?

what neuroscientist Marcel Just and his colleague Tom Mitchell at Carnegie Mellon University have done

is combine fMRI's ability to look at the brain in action with computer science's new power to sort through massive amounts of data.

The goal: to see if they could identify exactly what happens in the brain when people think specific thoughts.

They did an experiment where they asked subjects to think about 10 objects

--5 of them tools like screwdriver and hammer,

and 5 of them dwellings, like igloo and castle.

Then recorded and analyzed the activity in the subjects' brains for each.

You have them think about the screwdriver,

and the computer found the place in the brain where that person was thinking "screwdriver"?

Screwdriver isn't one place in the brain. It's many places in the brain.

you think about how you hold it, how you twist it, what it looks like, what you use it for,

-and each of those functions are in different places? -Correct!

Just says When we think "screwdriver" or "igloo" for example,

neurons start firing at varying levels of intensity in different areas throughout the brain.

And we found that we could identify which object they were thinking about from their brain activation patterns,

We're identifying the thought that's occurring. It's...incredible, just incredible.

Are you saying that if you think of a hammer, that your brain is identical to my brain when I think of a hammer?

Maybe I've had a bad experience with a hammer and you haven't,

but it's close enough to identify each other's thoughts.

So, you know, that was never known before.

We asked if his team was up for a challenge:

would they take associate producer Meghan Frank, whose brain had never been scanned before.

and see if the computer could identify her thoughts?

Just and Mitchell agreed to give it a try and see if they could do it in almost real time.

So you never done an instant analysis with...

-That's actually her brain? -That's her brain.

Meghan was shown a series of ten items and asked to think for a few seconds about each one.

If it all comes out right, when she's thinking "hammer", the computer will know she's thinking "hammer."

Within minutes, the computer, unaware of what pictures Meghan had been shown

and working only from her brain activity patterns as read out by the scanner,

what it believed was the first object Meghan had been thinking about.

-According to Just, this is just the beginning. -Exactly.

Who knows what you're gonna be able to read,

Well, that's our research program for the next five years, -That's right. -Scary, actually.

Well, that's our research program for the next five years,

To see what, you know-- we're not satisfied with "hammer."

And neither are neuroscientists 4,000 miles away in Berlin at the Bernstein Center.

John Dylan Haynes is hard at work there using the scanner not just to identify objects people are thinking about,

Subjects were asked to make a simple decision--

whether to add or subtract two numbers they would be shown later on.

Haynes found he could read directly from the activity in a small part of the brain that controls intentions what they had decided to do.

This is a kind of blown-up version of the brain activity happening here.

And you can see that if a person is planning to add or to subtract,

the pattern of brain activity is different in these two cases,

I always tell my students that there is no science fiction anymore.

All the science fiction I read in high school, we're doing,

To Paul Root Wolpe, director of the Center for Ethics at Emory University in Atlanta,

the ability to read our thoughts and intentions this way is revolutionary.

Throughout history, we could never actually coerce someone to reveal information.

Torture doesn't work that well, persuasion doesn't work that well.

The right to keep one's thoughts locked up in their brain is amongst the most fundamental rights of being human.

You're saying that if someone can read my intentions,

we have to talk about who might in the future be able to do that?

Absolutely, whether we're going to let the state do it or whether we're going to let me do it.

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CBS 60分 - あなたの心を読む (CBS 60 Minutes - Reading Your Mind)

read

thinking

computer

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