Name: 映画やテレビで放射線病を間違える方法 (How Movies and TV Get Radiation Sickness Wrong)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T08:25:39.000Z
Duration: 10 min 41 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

法助動詞 B1

Radiation sickness might sound like something

It's been portrayed in movies and television for more than 50 years.

I mean, the fate-worse-than-death described

depicted in the 2019 miniseries Chernobyl.

these portrayals have in common, it's that

they get radiation sickness wrong—at least somewhat.

Like, people don't just start oozing blood

illness from hugging a hospitalized loved one.

To start off, technically, radiation sickness

is called Acute Radiation Syndrome or ARS.

And it's not one thing, but rather, a bunch

of different syndromes that result from being

exposed to large doses of ionizing radiation.

That's the kind of radiation that carries

enough energy to knock electrons off of atoms.

because all that energy can break chemical bonds and

therefore mess with essential molecules like DNA.

Your cells have ways of fixing broken molecules,

But they aren't perfect, so ionizing radiation

And let's be clear: cells don't become better from these mutations.

a cell has, the more likely it is that it will die or become cancerous.

So although radiation can change your DNA,

it isn't going to turn you into a walking,

obvious, but not all of them are so easy to spot.

For example, let's say a person walks into

the exact wrong room and is exposed to a lot of radiation.

And by a lot, I mean enough that this person

gets more than 0.7 grays of radiation exposure

A gray is a measure of how much energy is absorbed

by an object or person per kilogram of weight.

For comparison, when you get a chest x-ray,

you absorb about 0.0001 grays, and a full-on

So, yeah, 0.7 grays is a lot of radiation,

and this person has just been exposed to it.

Based on Hollywood, you might think their

skin will instantly blister or they'll start

But that's not how radiation sickness works.

Depending on the exposure, it could take minutes

At this point, they might feel nauseous or vomit,

Symptoms like these can happen on and off for a few days.

And we're not entirely sure why that happens.

The best explanation we have is that radiation

somehow activates cells in the gastrointestinal

tract to release the neurotransmitter serotonin,

and that triggers the brain's vomit center.

A similar thing can happen when people get chemotherapy.

after this period of queasiness, people often feel a lot better.

This is what's known as the latent stage.

And as the name implies, during this phase,

it might not seem like there's a lot going on.

A person who's been exposed can feel generally

Oddly enough, this is the stage where cells are actually dying.

You see, the cells that die from radiation

DNA damage mostly becomes a problem when cells

go to divide and realize they can'ｔ, because

up, they often appear in places like the intestines,

bone marrow, or skin, because those tissues

contain cells that divide the most often.

Of course, how long the latent period lasts also depends

Higher doses over a shorter period of time

Now, the latent period might sound similar

to the incubation period of other illnesses

but they can transmit the disease to someone else.

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映画やテレビで放射線病を間違える方法 (How Movies and TV Get Radiation Sickness Wrong)

stuff

eventually

immune

bunch