By 1305, Philiphadarrangedfortheelectionof a FrenchPopeandhisinstallationatAvignon, justinsidewhatwasthentheFrenchborder, whichmadepeoplethinkthatthepapacywasunderthethumbofFrenchkingsanddistantfromitsspiritualmission, whichyouknow, itwas.
In 1377 PopeGregoryXIdecidedtomovebacktoRome, butthenhedied.
1377年、教皇グレゴリー11世はローマに戻ることを決意したが、その後死去。
TheCardinals, surroundedbyloyalRomans, thenelectedanItalianpope, causingtheFrenchCardinalstoscatterandregrouptoelect a FrenchpopetoheadthepapalcourtinAvignon, whichmeantthereweretwopopesand a schismhadoccurred.
TheGreatSchismwas a hugeblowtotheChurchanditsclaimsofspiritualleadership, whichhadalreadybeenharmedbytheclergy's inabilityorunwillingnesstoprovidespiritualguidanceduringtheBlackDeath.
Andin 1453, theOttomans, a TurkicethnicgroupofMuslimscapturedthecapitaloftheByzantineEmpire, withthehelp, bytheway, of a Hungarianmunitionsexpertwhoknewaboutcannons.
Meanwhile, theaforementioneduseofmercenarieshelpedunderminethefeudalsystem, inwhicheveryoneowedloyaltyto a lord, fromknightsto a serf, whowasboundtothatlord's land.
Theexpansionofrightsforartisansandfarmworkerswouldofcoursebe a verylongprocess, buttheirgrowingpowerandthedeclineoffeudalismwas a dramaticshiftforEurope.