Coworkers see each other not as colleagues

but as cutthroat competitors.

Bravado, extreme work hours, and unreasonable risks

are rewarded.

And expressing emotion, especially doubt,

is a sign of weakness.

If those sound familiar, your workplace

could have what researchers call a masculinity contest culture.

And these contests can be a sign of serious

organizational dysfunction.

Not only do they leave women out in force

them to play in a rigged system of ridiculous rules,

they also short circuit teamwork, decrease innovation,

and hurt the bottom line with employee turnover or harassment

lawsuits.

Researchers found four masculine norms

that correlate strongly with organizational dysfunction.

One-- show no weakness.

Swagger and overconfidence suppress vulnerability,

uncertainty, and tenderness.

Two-- strengthen stamina.

Even in white-collar jobs, physical strength

and athleticism are prized and endurance is proven

by working late into the night.

Three-- put work first.

Commitment to the organization comes before all else,

leaving no room for family, breaks, or balance.

And four-- dog-eat-dog, a culture

where more masculine winners defeat losers

in a zero-sum game and trust is scarce.

Masculinity in these workplaces is under constant threat.

It must be repeatedly defended, leading

to even more toxic behavior.

So how do you change these cultures?

By putting mission over masculinity.

The key here is leveraging the right goals and values.

A healthier culture will follow.

For example, focus on innovation.

A leader could point out that innovation only

thrives when people feel psychologically safe to take

risks and share new ideas.

And this is only possible in a culture

without counterproductive masculine norms.

Next, when people regularly work late

or laugh at offensive jokes, leaders

need to dispel the misconception that everyone

endorses such behaviors and publicly reject these norms.

And most importantly, leaders must walk the talk.

Reward people for supporting each other,

call out misconduct, allow others to voice dissent,

and model respectful behaviors.

Only when mission comes first can real

change take place, sending masculinity contests culture

into the past, where it belongs.