specifically why people can't seem

これは仕事についての話です

to get work done at work,

特にどうして私たちは職場で

which is a problem we all kind of have.

仕事ができないのか

But let's, sort of, start at the beginning.

という問題について話します

So we have companies and non-profits and charities

まずは最初から説明しましょう

and all these groups

企業やＮＰＯや慈善団体

that have employees

様々な組織があり

or volunteers of some sort.

そこには従業員や

And they expect these people who work for them

ボランティアなどの人々が働いています

to do great work --

雇用主はここで働く人々から

I would hope, at least.

素晴らしい仕事を期待している

At least good work, hopefully, at least it's good work --

そう思いたいです

hopefully great work.

最低限でも良い仕事を

And so what they typically do is they decide

素晴らしい仕事を期待しています

that all these people need to come together in one place

そこで彼らは通常

to do that work.

従業員を一か所にまとめて

So a company, or a charity, or an organization of any kind,

そこで仕事をさせます

they typically -- unless you're working in Africa,

つまり企業、団体などの組織では

if you're really lucky to do that --

アフリカへの異動があるぐらい

most people have to go to an office every day.

ラッキーでない限り

And so these companies,

普通の人は毎日職場へ通勤します

they build offices.

そこで会社は

They go out and they buy a building, or they rent a building,

オフィスを設けます

or they lease some space,

物件を購入 あるいは賃借し

and they fill the space with stuff.

または部屋をリースして

They fill it with tables, or desks,

そこにいろいろ詰め込みます

chairs, computer equipment,

机 あるいはデスク

software,

イス 　コンピュータ

Internet access,

ソフトウェア

maybe a fridge, maybe a few other things,

インターネット環境

and they expect their employees, or their volunteers,

もしかしたら冷蔵庫などのおまけも

to come to that location every day to do great work.

そして従業員が毎日そこに通勤して

It seems like it's perfectly reasonable to ask that.

素晴らしい仕事をすることを期待します

However, if you actually talk to people

ごく当たり前な事に聞こえます

and even question yourself,

ここで質問を出します

and you ask yourself,

みなさんもどうぞ

where do you really want to go when you really need to get something done?

自分自身に問いかけてください

You'll find out that people don't say

『仕事に集中したい時、どこに行きますか？』

what businesses think they would say.

この質問に、人は上司の期待とは

If you ask people the question: where do you really need to go

別の回答を出すのです

when you need to get something done?

「仕事に集中したい時にあなたが

Typically you get three different kinds of answers.

行きたい場所は？」と聞くと

One is kind of a place or a location or a room.

3種類の答が出ます

Another one is a moving object

一つは部屋や空間

and a third is a time.

もう一つは移動手段

So here's some examples.

そして時間です

When I ask people -- and I've been asking people this question for about 10 years --

例を出しましょう

I ask them, "Where do you go when you really need to get something done?"

私は10年間この質問を出しています

I'll hear things like, the porch, the deck,

「仕事に集中したい時　どこへ行きますか？」

the kitchen.

かえってくる返事はベランダや

I'll hear things like an extra room in the house,

キッチン

the basement,

自宅の空き部屋

the coffee shop, the library.

地下室

And then you'll hear things like the train,

カフェや図書館など

a plane, a car -- so, the commute.

それに電車や

And then you'll hear people say,

飛行機や車 - つまり乗り物

"Well, it doesn't really matter where I am,

そしてこんな答えも聞きます

as long as it's really early in the morning or really late at night or on the weekends."

「早朝か深夜 または週末なら

You almost never hear someone say the office.

どこであっても構いません」

But businesses are spending all this money on this place called the office,

オフィスと答える人はほぼゼロ

and they're making people go to it all the time,

企業はオフィスと呼ばれる空間にお金をかけ

yet people don't do work in the office.

人々にそこを利用させますが

What is that about?

誰もそこで仕事をしない

Why is that?

これは何なんだ？

Why is that happening?

何故だろう？

And what you find out is that, if you dig a little bit deeper,

何故こうなったのか？

you find out that people --

この問題にもう少し踏み込むと

this is what happens --

原因が見えてきます

people go to work,

つまりこういう事です

and they're basically trading in their workday

人々は職場に行くと

for a series of "work moments."

一日の勤務時間を

That's what happens at the office.

多くの作業時間に小分けされます

You don't have a workday anymore. You have work moments.

これがオフィスの現状です

It's like the front door of the office is like a Cuisinart,

「勤務日」が「作業時間」に

and you walk in and your day is shredded to bits,

オフィスの入り口がシュレッダーで

because you have 15 minutes here and 30 minutes there,

一日の時間がバラバラにされるように

and then something else happens and you're pulled off your work,

こっちで15分　あっちで30分

and you've got to do something else, then you have 20 minutes, then it's lunch.

突然の用事で仕事から引き離され

Then you have something else to do.

そしたら20分後に昼休み

Then you've got 15 minutes, and someone pulls you aside and asks you this question,

その後また別の作業があり

and before you know it, it's 5 p.m.,

15分後、頼みごとをされる

and you look back on the day,

気がつけばもう5時に

and you realize that you didn't get anything done.

一日を振り返れば

I mean, we've all been through this.

何もロクにできなかった事に気づく

We probably went through it yesterday,

そんな経験ないですか？

or the day before, or the day before that.

昨日はどうでしたか？

You look back on your day, and you're like, I got nothing done today.

一昨日は、それともその前の日は？

I was at work.

夕方になって 「何もしていない！」と気づく

I sat at my desk. I used my expensive computer.

仕事には行った

I used the software they told me to use.

デスクに座り、高いパソコンを使った

I went to these meetings I was asked to go to.

用意されたソフトウェアを使用した

I did these conference calls. I did all this stuff.

出席するべき会議にも出た

But I didn't actually do anything.

電話会議もして、こんなにやったのに

I just did tasks.

実際には何もしていない

I didn't actually get meaningful work done.

作業をこなしただけだ

And what you find is that, especially with creative people --

意味のある仕事は何もしていない

designers, programmers,

そうして気づくのは

writers, engineers,

デザイナーやプログラマや

thinkers --

ライターやエンジニア

that people really need

思想家などの

long stretches of uninterrupted time to get something done.

クリエイティブな仕事には

You cannot ask somebody to be creative in 15 minutes

邪魔がない一定の時間が必要だという事です

and really think about a problem.

問題に創造的に取り組むのに

You might have a quick idea,

15分ではとても無理です

but to be in deep thought about a problem and really consider a problem carefully,

小手先のアイデアは出てきても

you need long stretches of uninterrupted time.

じっくり取り組んで慎重に考え抜くには

And even though the workday is typically eight hours,

邪魔のない一定の時間が必要となります

how many people here have ever had eight hours to themselves at the office?

勤務時間は通常8時間ですが

How about seven hours?

実際に8時間集中できる人はいますか？

Six? Five? Four?

7時間は？

When's the last time you had three hours to yourself at the office?

6？ 5？ 4？

Two hours? One, maybe?

最近3時間通しで仕事に打ち込めましたか？

Very, very few people actually have

2時間は？ 1時間なら？

long stretches of uninterrupted time at an office.

邪魔の入らない一定の時間を

And this is why people choose to do work at home,

得る人は本当に数人しかいません

or they might go to the office,

だから家で仕事をするのを好むのです

but they might go to the office really early in the day,

あるいはオフィスへ行っても

or late at night when no one's around,

誰もいない早朝か

or they stick around after everyone's left, or they go in on the weekends,

夜遅くに行く人もいます

or they get work done on the plane,

又は残業する人、週末出勤する人

or they get work done in the car or in the train

飛行機で仕事をする人

because there are no distractions.

車や電車で仕事する人もいます

Now, there are different kinds of distractions,

それなら邪魔がないからです

but there aren't the really bad kinds of distractions

別の種類の邪魔が入ったりもしますが

that I'll talk about in just a minute.

特にひどい妨害でもないです

And this sort of whole phenomenon

それについても話しましょう

of having short bursts of time to get things done

仕事をしようとする時

reminds me of another thing

ばらけた短時間しか取れないという現象は

that doesn't work when you're interrupted,

妨害されるとうまくいかない

and that is sleep.

別の事と似ています

I think that sleep and work are very closely related,

それは睡眠です

and it's not just that you can work while you're sleeping

睡眠と仕事はよく似ています

and you can sleep while you're working.

別に睡眠中に仕事ができるとか

That's not really what I mean.

仕事をしながら居眠りをするとか

I'm talking specifically about the fact

そういった話ではなく

that sleep and work

睡眠と仕事は

are phased-based,

どちらも周期、

or stage-based, events.

またはステージごとに

So sleep is about sleep phases, or stages --

続く現象だということです

some people call them different things.

「周期」と「ステージ」

There's five of them,

どちらも意味は同じですが、

and in order to get to the really deep ones, the really meaningful ones,

睡眠には 5 つの段階があります

you have to go through the early ones.

深く、効果ある安眠を得るためには

And if you're interrupted while you're going through the early ones --

初段階の睡眠を経る必要があります

if someone bumps you in bed,

誰かがぶつかったり

or if there's a sound, or whatever happens --

物音がしたりなど

you don't just pick up where you left off.

妨害が起きると

If you're interrupted and woken up,

眠りなおすのは簡単ではありません

you have to start again.

いきなり起こされたら

So you have to go back a few phases and start again.

また繰り返しです

And what ends up happening -- sometimes you might have days like this

初期段階に戻ってまた眠りなおす

where you wake up at eight in the morning, or seven in the morning,

こんな経験をした事はないですか？

or whenever you get up,

朝８時、または７時ごろ

and you're like, man, I didn't really sleep very well.

いつもの時間に起きたのに

I did the sleep thing -- I went to bed, I laid down --

うーん よく眠れなかったなあ と感じる

but I didn't really sleep.

横になって寝る　一応「睡眠」の形はとっても

People say you go to sleep,

本当の「睡眠が」取れなかったのです

but you really don't go to sleep, you go towards sleep.

「眠りにつく」と言いますが

It just takes a while. You've got to go through these phases and stuff,

実際は 「眠りに向かっていく」のです

and if you're interrupted, you don't sleep well.

段階を踏むので時間がかかります

So how do we expect -- does anyone here expect someone to sleep well

邪魔が入ると安眠になりません

if they're interrupted all night?

一晩中妨害されてもぐっすり眠れる

I don't think anyone would say yes.

そんな人がいると思いますか？

Why do we expect people to work well

多分いないでしょう

if they're being interrupted all day at the office?

オフィスで一日中妨害される人たちに

How can we possibly expect people to do their job

どうやって良い成果が望めるのでしょう？

if they're going to the office to be interrupted?

妨害が入るオフィスでどうやって

That doesn't really seem like it makes a lot of sense to me.

仕事をしろと言えるのでしょうか？

So what are these interruptions that happen at the office

無茶苦茶でしょう

that don't happen at other places?

では、他の場所では起きない

Because in other places, you can have interruptions,

オフィス内の妨害とは一体何でしょう？

like, you can have the TV,

外の場所にも誘惑はあります

or you could go for a walk,

テレビがあったり

or there's a fridge downstairs,

散歩にも出られたり

or you've got your own couch, or whatever you want to do.

下には冷蔵庫があったり

And if you talk to certain managers,

楽になれるソファなど、 自由にできます

they'll tell you that they don't want their employees to work at home

管理職の方と話してみると

because of these distractions.

従業員に家で仕事をして欲しくない理由として

They'll also say --

こういった妨害の例が出ます

sometimes they'll also say,

他にも、「自分の目の－

"Well, if I can't see the person, how do I know they're working?"

－届かない場所にいるなら－

which is ridiculous, of course, but that's one of the excuses that managers give.

－ちゃんと仕事をしているか分からない！」

And I'm one of these managers.

馬鹿な話ですが、そう言い訳する上司もいます

I understand. I know how this goes.

わたし自身もマネージャーです

We all have to improve on this sort of thing.

ちゃんと問題を心得ています

But oftentimes they'll cite distractions.

我々が改善していかなくてはなりません

"I can't let someone work at home.

しかし彼らはしばしば誘惑について言及します

They'll watch TV. They'll do this other thing."

「家で仕事なんてとんでもない」

It turns out that those aren't the things that are really distracting.

「ＴＶを見たり別の事をしているだろう」

Because those are voluntary distractions.

それらは本当の妨害ではないのです

You decide when you want to be distracted by the TV.

そういうのは任意で発生する妨害だからです

You decide when you want to turn something on.

テレビという誘惑を見るのは本人が選択します

You decide when you want to go downstairs or go for a walk.

妨害要因に触れるときは本人が選択します

At the office, most of the interruptions and distractions

冷蔵庫や散歩に向かうときも本人の選択

that really cause people not to get work done

オフィスで人々の仕事の中断させる

are involuntary.

邪魔や妨害のほとんどは

So let's go through a couple of those.

強制的です

Now, managers and bosses

例をいくつか出しましょう

will often have you think that the real distractions at work

マネージャーや上司は

are things like Facebook and Twitter

職場での本当の妨害は

and YouTube and other websites,

Facebook Twitter

and in fact, they'll go so far

Youtube などのサイトであると信じています

as to actually ban these sites at work.

そして彼らは

Some of you may work at places where you can't get to these certain sites.

そうしたサイトを職場で禁止します

I mean, is this China? What the hell is going on here?

みなさんの職場もこんな感じですか？

You can't go to a website at work,

ここは中国か？一体どうしてしまったんだ

and that's the problem, that's why people aren't getting work done,

従業員がツイッターを使うから

because they're going to Facebook and they're going to Twitter?

仕事の効率が上がらない。

That's kind of ridiculous. It's a total decoy.

だから職場のネットへのアクセスが検閲される。

And today's Facebook and Twitter and YouTube,

馬鹿げています。問題はそこじゃありません

these things are just modern-day smoke breaks.

この場合のFacebook Twitter Youtube は

No one cared about letting people take a smoke break for 15 minutes

現代の「煙草タイム」みたいなものです

10 years ago,

10年前は一服しに15分間抜け出す人がいても

so why does everyone care about someone going to Facebook here and there,

誰も構いませんでした

or Twitter here and there, or YouTube here and there?

それなのにどうして あっちでもこっちでも

Those aren't the real problems in the office.

Facebook Twitter Youtube などの利用を問題視するのでしょう？

The real problems are what I like to call

オフィスの本当の問題はここではありません

the M&Ms,

本当の問題は

the Managers and the Meetings.

わたしが M&M's と呼んでいる

Those are the real problems in the modern office today.

マネージャーとミーティングです

And this is why things don't get done at work --

現在のオフィスにおける本当の問題です

it's because of the M&Ms.

職場で仕事が片づかない理由が

Now what's interesting is,

この M&M's です

if you listen to all the places that people talk about doing work --

興味深いことに

like at home, or in a car, or on a plane,

仕事をする場所として挙げられた場所ー

or late at night, or early in the morning --

家 車の中 飛行機

you don't find managers and meetings.

あるいは夜や早朝ー

You find a lot of other distractions, but you don't find managers and meetings.

そこには上司や会議もありません

So these are the things that you don't find elsewhere,

他の誘惑は山ほどありますが 上司や会議はありません

but you do find at the office.