looking into the lives of presidents who are no longer alive.

私は 今は亡き大統領の

Waking up with Abraham Lincoln in the morning,

人生の研究をしてきました

thinking of Franklin Roosevelt when I went to bed at night.

リンカーンと共に目を覚まし

But when I try and think about what I've learned

ルーズベルトを思いながら寝ています

about the meaning in life, my mind keeps wandering back

でも 私が学んだ人生の意味を思うと

to a seminar that I took when I was a graduate student at Harvard

ハーバードの大学院で受けた―

with the great psychologist Erik Erikson.

心理学者 エリク エリクソンの

He taught us that the richest and fullest lives

講義を思い出します

attempt to achieve an inner balance between three realms:

エリクソンは 充実した人生には

work, love and play.

三つの領域の内面バランスが必要だと言いました

And that to pursue one realm to the disregard of the other,

「仕事」「愛」「遊び」です

is to open oneself to ultimate sadness in older age.

一つの領域しか追求しないと

Whereas to pursue all three with equal dedication,

老いたときに喪失感が生まれるのに対し

is to make possible a life filled not only with achievement,

三つの領域に没頭すると

but with serenity.

達成感だけではなく 心の平静と共に

So since I tell stories, let me look back

人生を全うできるのです

on the lives of two of the presidents I've studied to illustrate this point --

物語るにあたり 私が研究した―

Abraham Lincoln and Lyndon Johnson.

大統領二人の人生を振り返ってみます

As for that first sphere of work,

エイブラハム リンカーン と リンドン ジョンソンです

I think what Abraham Lincoln's life suggests

一つめの「仕事」に関してですが

is that fierce ambition is a good thing.

すさまじい野望を持つのは良いと

He had a huge ambition.

リンカーンの人生が物語っていると思います

But it wasn't simply for office or power or celebrity or fame --

彼には大きな野望がありました

what it was for was to accomplish something worthy enough in life

でも それは任務 権力 名声 評判のためではなく

so that he could make the world a little better place for his having lived in it.

世界を少しでも改善させるために

Even as a child, it seemed, Lincoln dreamed heroic dreams.

人生で価値ある何かを達成したかったのです

He somehow had to escape that hard-scrabble farm

子どもの頃でさえ リンカーンには雄々しい夢がありました

from which he was born.

彼は生家である農家を後にする―

No schooling was possible for him,

必要がありました

except a few weeks here, a few weeks there.

短期間の授業を除き

But he read books in every spare moment he could find.

学校教育は受けられませんでした

It was said when he got a copy of the King James Bible

彼は暇さえあれば読書をしました

or "Aesop's Fables," he was so excited he couldn't sleep.

聖書やイソップ童話が手に入ったとき

He couldn't eat.

興奮して 睡眠も食事も取れなかったと

The great poet Emily Dickinson once said,

言われています

"There is no frigate like a book to take us lands away."

詩人のエミリー ディキンソンが

How true for Lincoln.

“本のように 彼方へ旅させてくれる船は無い” と言ったように

Though he never would travel to Europe,

リンカーンは本にのめり込み

he went with Shakespeare's kings to merry England,

ヨーロッパ旅行をせずとも

he went with Lord Byron's poetry to Spain and Portugal.

シェイクスピアの王と共に陽気なイギリスへ行き

Literature allowed him to transcend his surroundings.

バイロンの詩と共にスペインやポルトガルに行きました

But there were so many losses in his early life

文学で彼の環境は向上したのです

that he was haunted by death.

でも 若い時に多くの死と向き合い

His mother died when he was only nine years old;

死に悩まされました

his only sister, Sarah, in childbirth a few years later;

母は彼が９歳の時に他界

and his first love, Ann Rutledge, at the age of 22.

数年後 姉も出産中に亡くなり

Moreover, when his mother lay dying,

初恋の相手は22歳で他界しています

she did not hold out for him the hope

さらに彼の母は死に際に

that they would meet in an afterworld.

あの世で再会する―

She simply said to him,

望みには触れず

"Abraham, I'm going away from you now, and I shall never return."

ただ言いました

As a result he became obsessed with the thought

“別れの時が来た　もう戻りはしないよ”

that when we die our life is swept away -- dust to dust.

その結果 亡くなると人生は

But only as he grew older did he develop

微塵に消えるという考えに取りつかれました

a certain consolation from an ancient Greek notion --

でも彼は歳を重ねるにつれて

but followed by other cultures as well --

古代ギリシャの概念や

that if you could accomplish something worthy in your life,

他の文化から ある慰みを得ました

you could live on in the memory of others.

人生で価値ある何かを達成すれば

Your honor and your reputation would outlive your earthly existence.

他者の記憶に生き続けるという考えです

And that worthy ambition became his lodestar.

名誉や評判で 後世に名を残すのです

It carried him through the one significant depression that he suffered

その立派な野望が彼の目標になりました

when he was in his early 30s.

30代初めに患った鬱を克服できたのも

Three things had combined to lay him low.

目標があったからです

He had broken his engagement with Mary Todd,

彼を圧倒した三つの出来事がありました

not certain he was ready to marry her,

メリートッドとの婚約破棄は

but knowing how devastating it was to her that he did that.

結婚する心構えがなかったからですが

His one intimate friend, Joshua Speed, was leaving Illinois

彼女には打撃だとわかっていました

to go back to Kentucky because Speed's father had died.

無二の親友 スピードが父の死去で

And his political career in the state legislature

イリノイからケンタッキーへ帰って行きました

was on a downward slide.

リンカーンの州議会での

He was so depressed that friends worried he was suicidal.

政治的キャリアは低下していました

They took all knives and razors and scissors from his room.

落ち込んだ彼が自殺を図る心配をした友人は

And his great friend Speed went to his side and said,

彼の部屋から刃物を取り除きました

"Lincoln, you must rally or you will die."

親友のスピードが戻り 言いました

He said that, "I would just as soon die right now,

“元気を出さなきゃ死んじゃうよ”

but I've not yet done anything to make any human being

リンカーンは “今すぐにでも死ぬとも

remember that I have lived."

でも 私を覚えていてもらうには

So fueled by that ambition, he returned to the state legislature.

まだ何もやり遂げていない”

He eventually won a seat in Congress.

その野望に刺激され 彼は議会へと戻り

He then ran twice for the Senate, lost twice.

遂に議会の座を勝ち取りました

"Everyone is broken by life," Ernest Hemingway once said,

そして上院議員に２回立候補し ２回落選

"but some people are stronger in the broken places."

へミングウェイは “誰でもくじけることはあるが

So then he surprised the nation with an upset victory

弱ったときに強くなる人もいる” と言っています

for the presidency over three far more experienced,

その後 自分より経験や教養があり

far more educated, far more celebrated rivals.

世に知られた３人のライバルを

And then when he won the general election,

大統領選で打ち破り 世間を驚かせました

he stunned the nation even more

彼は総選挙で当選した際

by appointing each of these three rivals into his Cabinet.

そのライバルを閣僚として迎え

It was an unprecedented act at the time because everybody thought,

更に世間を驚かせました

"He'll look like a figurehead compared to these people."

前代未聞の行為に 誰もが思いました

They said, "Why are you doing this, Lincoln?"

“彼はあの３人に比べて表看板のようだ”

He said, "Look, these are the strongest

“なぜ こんなことをする？” と尋ねられると

and most able men in the country.

リンカーンは答えました “我が国で

The country is in peril. I need them by my side."

一番強くて出来の良い男たちだ

But perhaps my old friend Lyndon Johnson

この国は危険にさらされている　彼らの力が必要だ”

might have put it in less noble fashion:

リンドン ジョンソンだったら

"Better to have your enemies inside the tent pissing out,

そんな表現はしなかったでしょう

than outside the tent pissing in."

“外にいる自分の敵にテントの中へ小便をされるより

(Laughter)

中から外へされるほうがましだ”

But it soon became clear that Abraham Lincoln

（笑）

would emerge as the undisputed captain of this unruly team.

しかし リンカーンがこの面倒な陣容の

For each of them soon came to understand

明白な司令塔であると 間もなくしてわかります

that he possessed an unparalleled array of

外見上の経歴の薄さよりも ずっと大切な

emotional strengths and political skills

無比の感情的な力と

that proved far more important than the thinness of his external résumé.

政治的知恵を 持ち合わせた―

For one thing, he possessed an uncanny ability

リンカーンに ライバルは気づきます

to empathize with and to think about other peoples' point of view.

まず 彼には人と共感したり

He repaired injured feelings that might have escalated

他者の観点を思いやる超人的な力がありました

into permanent hostility.

もつれが生じると

He shared credit with ease,

不和を修復しました

assumed responsibility for the failure of his subordinates,

喜んで功績を分かち合い

constantly acknowledged his errors and learned from his mistakes.

部下の失敗には責任を肩代わりし

These are the qualities we should be looking for in our candidates in 2008.

常に間違いを認め 間違いから学びました

(Applause)

2008年の候補者に求めるべき素質があります

He refused to be provoked by petty grievances.

（拍手）

He never submitted to jealousy or brooded over perceived slights.

些細なことで怒ることはせず

And he expressed his unshakeable convictions

決して嫉妬や軽蔑にも振り回されなかったのです

in everyday language, in metaphors, in stories.

そして彼は不動の信念を

And with a beauty of language -- almost as if

日頃から談話や演説で表現しました

the Shakespeare and the poetry he had so loved as a child

彼が使う言葉の美しさは

had worked their way into his very soul.

大好きだったシェイクスピアや詩が

In 1863, when the Emancipation Proclamation was signed,

彼の心に入りこんだようでした

he brought his old friend, Joshua Speed, back to the White House,

1863年に奴隷解放宣言が調印されたとき

and remembered that conversation of decades before, when he was so sad.

旧友のスピードをホワイトハウスに連れ戻し

And he, pointing to the Proclamation, said,

彼が惨めだった何十年も前の会話を思い出しました

"I believe, in this measure, my fondest hopes will be realized."

そして 宣言書を指して言いました

But as he was about to put his signature on the Proclamation

“この法令によって私の一番の願いが実現するんだね”

his own hand was numb and shaking

しかし彼が宣言書に署名しようとした時

because he had shaken a thousand hands that morning at a New Year's reception.

手が震えていました

So he put the pen down.

大勢の人と握手をしていたからです

He said, "If ever my soul were in an act, it is in this act.

彼はペンを置き 言いました

But if I sign with a shaking hand,

“精魂を込めるとは このことだ

posterity will say, 'He hesitated.'"

でも震える手で署名すれば

So he waited until he could take up the pen

躊躇したと言い継がれるだろう”

and sign with a bold and clear hand.

彼はペンを持てるまで待ち

But even in his wildest dreams,

力強くはっきりとした手で署名したのです

Lincoln could never have imagined

しかし リンカーンには

how far his reputation would reach.

自らの評判の成長ぶりは

I was so thrilled to find an interview with the great Russian writer,

想像もつきませんでした

Leo Tolstoy, in a New York newspaper in the early 1900s.

作家のトルストイを1900年代初頭に取材した記事を

And in it, Tolstoy told of a trip that he'd recently made

私はニューヨークの新聞で見つけて興奮しました

to a very remote area of the Caucasus,

その記事でトルストイは外に出たことのない―

where there were only wild barbarians,

野蛮人だけが住むロシアの

who had never left this part of Russia.

人里離れた場所に行ったと

Knowing that Tolstoy was in their midst,

語っていました

they asked him to tell stories of the great men of history.

トルストイを知っていた彼らは

So he said, "I told them about Napoleon

歴史上の偉大な人物の話をして欲しいと頼みました

and Alexander the Great and Frederick the Great

トルストイ曰く “ナポレオンや

and Julius Caesar, and they loved it.

フリードリヒ大王や シーザーの

But before I finished, the chief of the barbarians stood up and said,

話をしたら 彼らは喜んだ

'But wait, you haven't told us about the greatest ruler of them all.

話し終える前に野蛮人のボスが立ち上がり言った

We want to hear about that man who spoke with a voice of thunder,

‘待ってくれ　一番偉大な支配者のことを聴いていない

who laughed like the sunrise,

雷の声で話し 日の出のように笑う男

who came from that place called America, which is so far from here,

若者が旅したならば

that if a young man should travel there,

到着するころには年寄りになるほど

he would be an old man when he arrived.

遠く離れたアメリカという場所から

Tell us of that man. Tell us of Abraham Lincoln.'"

来た男の話が聴きたい

He was stunned.

リンカーンの話をしてくれないか’”

He told them everything he could about Lincoln.

トルストイは驚くも

And then in the interview he said, "What made Lincoln so great?

知っている事は全て話しました

Not as great a general as Napoleon,

トルストイは取材の中で

not as great a statesman as Frederick the Great."

ナポレオンやフリードリヒ大王ほど

But his greatness consisted, and historians would roundly agree,

リンカーンは卓越していなかった と言っています

in the integrity of his character

しかし 歴史学者が口をそろえて言うように

and the moral fiber of his being.

彼の偉大さとは 誠実さや

So in the end that powerful ambition

気骨稜稜とした本質にありました

that had carried Lincoln through his bleak childhood had been realized.

ですから 侘しい子供時代を通して駆り立てた―

That ambition that had allowed him to laboriously educate himself by himself,

強力な意思が 最終的に現れたのです

to go through that string of political failures

苦心して独学し 一連の政治上の失敗や

and the darkest days of the war.

戦時中の暗い日々を

His story would be told.

耐え抜かせた野望です

So as for that second sphere, not of work, but of love --

語り継がれる彼の話です

encompassing family, friends and colleagues --

家族や友達や同僚を含む―

it, too, takes work and commitment.

二つめの「愛」に関しても

The Lyndon Johnson that I saw in the last years of his life,

仕事やコミットメントが必要です

when I helped him on his memoirs,

私がジョンソンの回顧録作成に関わり

was a man who had spent so many years in the pursuit of

最期までに見た彼は

work, power and individual success,

仕事の追求　権力　功名に何年も費やし

that he had absolutely no psychic or emotional resources left

大統領引退後には

to get him through the days

日々を切り抜いていく魂や意欲は

once the presidency was gone.

まったく

My relationship with him began on a rather curious level.

残っていませんでした

I was selected as a White House Fellow when I was 24 years old.

彼とはユニークな出会い方をしました

We had a big dance at the White House.

24歳の時 私はホワイトハウスフェローに選ばれました

President Johnson did dance with me that night.

ホワイトハウスでパーティーがあり

Not that peculiar --

私は彼と踊ったのです

there were only three women out of the 16 White House Fellows.

女は３人だけだったので

But he did whisper in my ear that he wanted me

不思議ではありませんが

to work directly for him in the White House.

彼は官邸で彼の下で働いてほしいと

But it was not to be that simple.

私の耳元で囁きました

For in the months leading up to my selection,

厄介なことに

like many young people, I'd been active

私は その何か月も前から

in the anti-Vietnam War movement,

他の若者のように

and had written an article against Lyndon Johnson,

反ベトナム戦争運動に積極的で

which unfortunately came out in The New Republic

私の書いたジョンソン批判の記事が

two days after the dance in the White House.

不幸にもパーティーの

(Laugher)

二日後に新聞に載ったのです

And the theme of the article was how to remove Lyndon Johnson from power.

（笑）

(Laughter)

ジョンソンを いかに政権から降ろすか という記事でした

So I was certain he would kick me out of the program.

（笑）

But instead, surprisingly, he said,

彼に嫌われると思いましたが

"Oh, bring her down here for a year,

驚くことに彼は言ったのです

and if I can't win her over, no one can."

“彼女を一年ここに連れて来なさい

So I did end up working for him in the White House.

彼女を説得できるのは 私だけだ”

Eventually accompanied him to his ranch to help him on those memoirs,

それで 官邸で仕えることになり

never fully understanding why he'd chosen me to spend so many hours with.

採用された理由を理解しないまま

I like to believe it was because I was a good listener.

回顧録作成のため 彼の牧場について行きました

He was a great storyteller.

私が聞き上手だったからだと信じたいです

Fabulous, colorful, anecdotal stories.

彼の話には

There was a problem with these stories, however,

人を引き込む力がありました

which I later discovered, which is that half of them weren't true.

でも 話の半分は

But they were great, nonetheless.

尾ひれがついていたと 後でわかりました

(Laughter)

それでも

So I think that part of his attraction for me was that I loved listening to his tall tales.

素晴らしかったのです

But I also worried that part of it was that I was then a young woman.

ですから 彼の話に魅了された私に惹かれたのだと思いますが

And he had somewhat of a minor league womanizing reputation.

私の若さも理由かと心配しました

So I constantly chatted to him about boyfriends,

彼が女たらしだという噂もあったので

even when I didn't have any at all.

私は恋人がいない時でさえ

Everything was working perfectly,

常に彼には恋人の話をしていました

until one day he said he wanted to discuss our relationship.

彼が我々の関係について

Sounded very ominous when he took me nearby to the lake,

話をしたいと言った日まで 全ては完璧でした

conveniently called Lake Lyndon Baines Johnson.

都合良く リンドンBジョンソン湖と名づけられた

And there was wine and cheese and a red-checked tablecloth --

湖に連れていかれたときは 変な予感がしました

all the romantic trappings.

ワインやチーズなどが

And he started out,

ロマンチックに並んだ中で

"Doris, more than any other woman I have ever known ... "

彼は言いました

And my heart sank.

“ドリス　私が知るどんな女性よりも…”

And then he said,

私の心は沈みました

"You remind me of my mother."

そのときです

(Laughter)

“君はオフクロを思い出すよ”

It was pretty embarrassing, given what was going on in my mind.

（笑）

But I must say, the older I've gotten,

私が想像していた事を考えると恥ずかしい話ですが

the more I realize what an incredible privilege it was

晩年の名士と何時間も

to have spent so many hours with this aging lion of a man.

過ごせたのは光栄だったと

A victor in a thousand contests,

年齢を重ねるに連れて感じます

three great civil rights laws, Medicare, aid to education.

数々の争いの勝者であり

And yet, roundly defeated in the end by the war in Vietnam.

三大公民権　老人医療保障制度　教育援助を確立させた男です

And because he was so sad and so vulnerable,

しかしベトナム戦争で支持率は急落

he opened up to me in ways he never would have

彼はあまりの悲しさと弱さから

had I known him at the height of his power --

権力者として絶頂期にいたときには