Name: 生物学の中心的ドグマ (The Central Dogma of Biology)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:57:08.000Z
Duration: 2 min 52 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

The DNA double helix contains two linear sequences of

関係詞節（制限と非制限）

the letters A C G and T, which carry coded instructions.

Transcription of DNA begins with a bundle of factors

assembling at the start of a gene, to read off the information

The blue molecule is unzipping the double helix and

is a close chemical cousin of DNA called RNA.

The building blocks to make the RNA enter through an intake hole.

They are matched to the DNA - letter by letter - to copy the gene.

At this point the RNA needs to be edited before

This editing process is called splicing, which involves removing

the green non-coding regions called "introns",

leaving only the yellow, protein-coding "exons."

Splicing begins with assembly of factors at the intron/exon borders,

which act as beacons to guide small proteins to form

a splicing machine, called the spliceosome.

The animation is showing this happening in real time.

The spliceosome then brings the exons on either side of

the intron very close together, ready to be cut.

folded back on itself to join and form a loop.

The spliceosome then cuts the RNA to release the loop and

This process is repeated for every intron in the RNA.

Numerous spliceosomes remove all the introns

so that the edited RNA contains only exons,

which are the complete instructions for the protein.

it snakes out into the outer part of the cell.

Then all the components of a molecular factory called a ribosome

It translates the genetic information in the RNA into

a string of amino acids that will become a protein.

Special transfer molecules - the green triangles -

Inside the ribosome, the RNA is pulled through like a tape.

There are different transfer molecules for each of

the twenty amino acids, shown as small red tips.

The code for each amino acid is read off the RNA,

and matched to three corresponding letters on the transfer molecules.

The amino acid is added to the growing protein chain and after

a few seconds the protein starts to emerge from the ribosome.

It just depends what genetic message you feed into the RNA.