Name: 基礎保障収入があると社会サービスの必要性が減る？ (Does a basic guaranteed income decrease the need for social services?)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:52:42.000Z
Duration: 10 min 9 s
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法助動詞 B1

AMNA NAWAZ: The economy may be doing well by many measures, but, for years, there have

been real concerns over wage growth and the overall standard of living.

So, perhaps it's not surprising that at least one recent survey showed growing public support

for a new government program that would guarantee some income to citizens.

There are small pilot projects of how it could work.

In this reprised report, our own economics correspondent Paul Solman travels to Canada

to see one of the larger programs for our ongoing series Chasing the Dream on poverty

PAUL SOLMAN: Cheerios, sans gluten, without gluten.

ALANA BALTZER, Ontario: I may not speak French, but I have been in a bilingual country my

entire life, so I know what the French actually...

PAUL SOLMAN: A Tuesday trudge to the local grocery store in Hamilton, Ontario.

ALANA BALTZER: Love the organic vegetables.

PAUL SOLMAN: This is the first time 29-year-old Alana Baltzer has been able to afford the

healthy food here at the Mustard Seed Co-op, because, she says, when you're poor:

ALANA BALTZER: It's buy the stuff that you can afford, which is generally quick, easy

and all processed and high in sugar and trans fats and all the other unhealthy stuff.

PAUL SOLMAN: That's all that Baltzer could afford on her $575-a-month welfare disability

But Ontario will now give her $1,130 U.S., no questions asked, as part of a three-year

basic income pilot launched late last year.

NARRATOR: Around the world, people believe that basic income could provide a simpler

PAUL SOLMAN: The idea's also being piloted in Finland and California.

KATHLEEN WYNNE, Premier of Ontario: How are people's lives changed, and how are they able

to do better in their lives, prevent illness, stay in school, get jobs and keep jobs?

PAUL SOLMAN: Ontario Premier Kathleen Wynne.

KATHLEEN WYNNE: We should be looking at different ways of providing support, ways that actually

don't punish people, but actually support people in getting on with their lives and

PAUL SOLMAN: Four thousand randomly selected Ontarians in three communities will get about

$13,000 a year U.S. for a single person, $19,000 for a couple.

In exchange, recipients give up some social supports and the government gets back 50 cents

KWAME MCKENZIE,®MD-BO¯ Wellesley Institute: It is definitely the biggest basic income

study that there's ever been in North America.

You don't have to show that you can't work.

PAUL SOLMAN: Research director Kwame McKenzie and his team will analyze the results.

KWAME MCKENZIE: We're going to see whether it increases your chance of coming out of

We're trying to see if it makes your housing stable.

We're trying to see whether it improves your mental health, whether it basically decreases

your use of other services, such as hospital beds.

PAUL SOLMAN: Turns out Manitoba launched a basic income experiment in 1974 that the provincial

government there later pulled the plug on.

KWAME MCKENZIE: It was an incomplete study.

PAUL SOLMAN: But, long after, researchers studying the data found:

KWAME MCKENZIE: We have got less health service use.

We have got people going back to college and they're getting better, getting better skills

And could the same policy produce like results 40-plus years later?

Well, for Jodi Dean and family, the answer seems to be yes.

Ten-year-old daughter Madison has suffered from both brittle bone disease and epilepsy

Yes, Canada has universal health care, but not for the E.R. commute.

JODI DEAN, Mother: As far as parking goes, we're not covered for that.

PAUL SOLMAN: How many times has she broken bones?

JODI DEAN: She's probably had at least 70 breaks.

PAUL SOLMAN: How many times a month do you have to pay for parking?

PAUL SOLMAN: Basic income now covers, in effect, half the parking bill, a huge relief for someone

who never dreamed she'd be poor, used to volunteer at the food bank, then found she couldn't

JODI DEAN: How do you go back to where you just gave that time and tell them now you're

PAUL SOLMAN: Jodi Dean, like Alana Baltzer, lives in Hamilton, a once-thriving steel city

TOM COOPER, Director, Hamilton Roundtable for Poverty Reduction: We used to have 40,000

people working directly in steel, and, today, it's probably closer to 7,000.

PAUL SOLMAN: Tom Cooper, who directs an anti-poverty project, claims he's already seen benefits

TOM COOPER: Many of the individuals I have talked to who are on the basic income pilot

are going back to school, wanting to improve their opportunities to get a better job.

TOM COOPER: There's not the oversight we see in traditional social assistance systems that

requires people to report monthly on their income or their housing status or their relationship

PAUL SOLMAN: While most poor Ontarians didn't make it into the pilot, Baltzer did, and no

longer has to deal with the provincial welfare system.

ALANA BALTZER: You do not have the bureaucracy involved with welfare or disability.

If you get a job, you simply call, let them know, give them the information, submit your

PAUL SOLMAN: And your mom made it on to the program.

She's more ecstatic about not having to deal with Ontario Works, the welfare workers.

PAUL SOLMAN: The pilot has even induced Baltzer to lose five pounds since November, more exercise,

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基礎保障収入があると社会サービスの必要性が減る？ (Does a basic guaranteed income decrease the need for social services?)

mental

guarantee

poverty

advantage