Name: 北京語と広東語はどれくらい似ていますか？ (How Similar Are Mandarin and Cantonese?)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:51:08.000Z
Duration: 14 min 50 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

Hello everyone welcome to the Internet and my name is

Today we're going to look at the differences between Chinese and Chinese

未来進行形

Well, what I mean is we'll be looking at two of the many Chinese languages, Mandarin and Cantonese

As I mentioned in my video on Chinese, Chinese is not a single language.

But rather a number of dialect groups that are united by a common writing system.

The spoken languages are different and generally mutually unintelligible.

Which is definitely the case with Mandarin and Cantonese?

Which are both Semitic languages or Chinese languages spoken in China.

Mandarin is spoken by 960 million native speakers.

Mainly in the north of China, but is now used all over mainland China and Taiwan as the official language of government media and education,

and it's one of the four official languages of Singapore as well.

Cantonese on the other hand is spoken by 50 to 60 million native speakers in Hong Kong, Macau

Guangzhou and some adjacent areas as well as in Chinese diaspora communities around the world.

It's part of the wider Yue branch of Chinese

Before we get into the main differences between the two languages

it's important to point out that these days speakers of either language typically write in standard Chinese or

Hua which is based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin, but when Cantonese speakers read standard Chinese?

They say each word using Cantonese pronunciation

Which creates the misconception that Cantonese is exactly the same as Mandarin except for the pronunciation, but that's not the case. Spoken

Cantonese is also somewhat different in terms of grammar and vocabulary and there's also written

Which reflects the spoken language and is used in some informal contexts. The differences we talk about in this video will be based on?

and its written equivalent, written vernacular Cantonese. By far the largest difference between Mandarin and Cantonese lies in pronunciation

Both of these languages are tonal languages

But they each have a different number of tones. Mandarin has four tones plus one neutral tone

Falling rising tone a falling tone, and the neutral tone, for example,

The neutral tone is a short de-emphasized syllable which is said with no regard to tone

a mid rising tone, a mid flat tone, a low falling tone, a low rising tone, and a low flat tone

Some people count three additional tones for a total of nine. These are historical tones that were used for syllables ending in p, t, or k.

They've merged with other tones, so that the only remainder of these tones is the stop consonant at the end of the syllable

You'll see that Mandarin has a tone that falls then Rises which is something that Cantonese doesn't have

You'll also notice that Mandarin has a narrower range of tones

Cantonese has a wider range of tones, with tones essentially in two ranges the mid to high range and the low range. this makes

Cantonese harder for English speakers to learn than Mandarin because instead of

distinguishing only the movement of a tone they also have to

Distinguish whether a tone is in the mid to high range or the low range. In both Mandarin and Cantonese,

and all Chinese languages for that matter, each Chinese character or

Represents one morpheme. Either a word or a meaningful part of a word, which can't be further divided

But each character is pronounced differently in Mandarin and Cantonese. One example of this is the word for I in Mandarin. It's pronounced (Mandarin)

With the third tone or falling rising tone. While in Cantonese

It's pronounced "ngóh", with the fifth tone or low rising tone so the tone is different

But also notice that the initial consonant sound is different as well

Another example is this word which means China in Mandarin.

It's pronounced "Zhōngguó", with a high flat tone and a rising tone, and in Cantonese

It's pronounced "jūnggwok", with a high flat tone and a mid flat tone

The pronunciation of these two words might sound pretty close

But the tones are partially different and remember that the meaning of words is partly determined by tones

pronounced with a cup sound at the end in Cantonese, while in Mandarin it ends in a vowel sound. In Mandarin every syllable ends in

A vowel or in a nasal sound in Cantonese however syllables can end in the stop consonants /p/, /t/, and /k/ as well

Pronunciation differences between Mandarin and Cantonese are often consistent. This character that we just looked at is

Pronounced "Zhōng" in Mandarin, and so is this character and this one among many others. In Cantonese,

they're all pronounced "jūng". The difference here lies mainly in the initial consonant sound. The systems of

Romanization are different for Mandarin and Cantonese so the Roman characters might be a little misleading here

But the initial consonant in Mandarin is something like the English J sound,

but with your tongue curled back. The initial consonant in Cantonese is [tsʊŋ]

like TS in English. Think of the end of the word cats

Let's look at three more characters first in Mandarin "Jiàn"

In this case. We can see that the consonants and vowels consistently correspond

But that a different tone in Mandarin corresponds to a different tone in Cantonese

But the sounds don't always correspond like this. There are also characters that have the same pronunciation in one language but different

But in Cantonese they're pronounced /zeh/

Here we can see that the Mandarin sounds don't consistently correspond with Cantonese sounds. In Mandarin

They're pronounced the same except for the tones, but the three words are pronounced in three completely different waysi n Cantonese

For example here's a sentence meaning "I read those books" First in Mandarin. (Mandarin). Next in Cantonese

Word-for-word both sentences translate as I read those book, so you can see that both are SVO

Even though the words are different, In both languages the verb consists of two parts, the verb itself followed by the perfective marker

which shows completion, and in both languages, the object includes two parts, a determiner followed by the noun.

A determiner is a word like an article or a demonstrative adjective, which tells us information about which now and we're talking about

One difference can be noted in sentences that have a direct object. In basic sentences in mandarin, the indirect object

Comes before the direct object, while in Cantonese it comes after

For example here's a sentence in each language meaning "Give me a pen". In Mandarin

We would say (Mandarin), and in Cantonese, (Cantonese)

Notice that these are imperative sentences, commands or instructions

Word-for-word the Mandarin sentence translates as give me a pen

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北京語と広東語はどれくらい似ていますか？ (How Similar Are Mandarin and Cantonese?)

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