Name: アル・ゴア気候変動に関する楽観論のケース（TED 2016 (Al Gore: The Case for Optimism on Climate Change (TED 2016))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:50:38.000Z
Duration: 25 min 25 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

I was excited to be a part of the "Dream"

theme, and then I found out I'm leading off the "Nightmare?" section of it.

And certainly there are things about the climate

crisis that qualify. And I have some bad news, but I have a lot more good news. I'm going

to propose three questions and the answer to the first one necessarily involves a little

bad news. But -- hang on, because the answers to the second and third questions really are

So the first question is, "Do we really have to change?" And of course, the Apollo Mission,

among other things changed the environmental movement, really launched the modern environmental

movement 18 months after this Earthrise picture was first seen on earth, the first Earth Day

was organized. And we learned a lot about ourselves looking back at our planet from

space. And one of the things that we learned confirmed what the scientists have long told

us. One of the most essential facts about the climate crisis has to do with the sky.

As this picture illustrates, the sky is not the vast and limitless expanse that appears

when we look up from the ground. It is a very thin shell of atmosphere surrounding the planet.

That right now is the open sewer for our industrial civilization as it's currently organized.

We are spewing 110 million tons of heat-trapping global warming pollution into it every 24

And there are many sources of the greenhouse gases, I'm certainly not going to go through

them all. I'm going to focus on the main one, but agriculture is involved, diet is involved,

population is involved. Management of forests, transportation, the oceans, the melting of

the permafrost. But I'm going to focus on the heart of the problem, which is the fact

that we still rely on dirty, carbon-based fuels for 85 percent of all the energy that

our world burns every year. And you can see from this image that after World War II, the

emission rates started really accelerating. And the accumulated amount of man-made, global

warming pollution that is up in the atmosphere now traps as much extra heat energy as would

be released by 400,000 Hiroshima-class atomic bombs exploding every 24 hours, 365 days a

year. Fact-checked over and over again, conservative, it's the truth. Now it's a big planet, but

that is a lot of energy, particularly when you multiply it 400,000 times per day. And

all that extra heat energy is heating up the atmosphere, the whole earth system.

Let's look at the atmosphere. This is a depiction

of what we used to think of as the normal distribution of temperatures. The white represents

normal temperature days; 1951-1980 are arbitrarily chosen. The blue are cooler than average days,

the red are warmer than average days. But the entire curve has moved to the right in

the 1980s. And you'll see in the lower right-hand corner the appearance of statistically significant

numbers of extremely hot days. In the 90s, the curve shifted further. And in the last

10 years, you see the extremely hot days are now more numerous than the cooler than average

days. In fact, they are 150 times more common on the surface of the earth than they were

So we're having record-breaking temperatures. Fourteen of the 15 of the hottest years ever

measured with instruments have been in this young century. The hottest of all was last

year. Last month was the 371st month in a row warmer than the 20th-century average.

And for the first time, not only the warmest January, but for the first time, it was more

than two degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the average. These higher temperatures are having

an effect on animals, plants, people, ecosystems.

But on a global basis, 93 percent of all the extra heat energy is trapped in the oceans.

And the scientists can measure the heat buildup much more precisely now at all depths: deep,

mid-ocean, the first few hundred meters. And this, too, is accelerating. It goes back more

than a century. And more than half of the increase has been in the last 19 years. This

The first order of consequence: the ocean-based storms get stronger. Super Typhoon Haiyan

went over areas of the Pacific five and a half degrees Fahrenheit warmer than normal

before it slammed into Tacloban, as the most destructive storm ever to make landfall. Pope

Francis, who has made such a difference to this whole issue, visited Tacloban right after

that. Superstorm Sandy went over areas of the Atlantic nine degrees warmer than normal

before slamming into New York and New Jersey. The second order of consequences are affecting

all of us right now. The warmer oceans are evaporating much more water vapor into the

skies. Average humidity worldwide has gone up four percent. And it creates these atmospheric

rivers. The Brazilian scientists call them "flying rivers." And they funnel all of that

extra water vapor over the land where storm conditions trigger these massive record-breaking

downpours. This is from Montana. Take a look at this storm last August. As it moves over

Tucson, Arizona. It literally splashes off the city. These downpours are really unusual.

Last July in Houston, Texas, it rained for

two days, 162 billion gallons. That represents more than two days of the full flow of Niagara

Falls in the middle of the city, which was, of course, paralyzed. These record downpours

are creating historic floods and mudslides.

This one is from Chile last year. And you'll see that warehouse going by. There are oil

tankers cars going by. This is from Spain last September, you could call this the running

of the cars and trucks, I guess. Every night on the TV news now is like a nature hike through

The insurance industry has certainly noticed, the losses have been mounting up. They're

not under any illusions about what's happening. And the causality requires a moment of discussion.

We're used to thinking of linear cause and linear effect -- one cause, one effect. This

is systemic causation. As the great Kevin Trenberth says, "All storms are different

now. There's so much extra energy in the atmosphere, there's so much extra water vapor. Every storm

is different now." So, the same extra heat pulls the soil moisture out of the ground

and causes these deeper, longer, more pervasive droughts and many of them are underway right

It dries out the vegetation and causes more fires in the western part of North America.

There's certainly been evidence of that, a lot of them.

More lightning, as the heat energy builds

up, a considerable amount of additional lightning also.

These climate-related disasters also have

geopolitical consequences and create instability. The climate-related historic drought that

started in Syria in 2006 destroyed 60 percent of the farms in Syria, killed 80 percent of

the livestock, and drove 1.5 million climate refugees into the cities of Syria, where they

collided with another 1.5 million refugees from the Iraq War. And along with other factors,

that opened the gates of Hell that people are trying to close now. The US Defense Department

has long warned of consequences from the climate crisis, including refugees, food and water

Right now we're seeing microbial diseases from the tropics spread to the higher latitudes;

the transportation revolution has had a lot to do with this. But the changing conditions

change the latitudes in the areas where these microbial diseases can become endemic and

change the range of the vectors, like mosquitoes and ticks that carry them. The Zika epidemic

now -- we're better positioned in North America because it's still a little too cool and we

字幕リスト動画再生

アル・ゴア気候変動に関する楽観論のケース（TED 2016 (Al Gore: The Case for Optimism on Climate Change (TED 2016))

incredibly

extremely

crisis

average