Name: ジェンダーニュートラルな代名詞彼らはここにいます、それらに慣れる (Gender Neutral Pronouns: They're Here, Get Used To Them)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T07:34:29.000Z
Duration: 3 min 49 s

Grammatical gender is the concept found in about a quarter of the world's languages; that you can sort all nouns into male or female.

世界中の言語の４分の１くらいに、文法的な性別の概念が存在します

Le or la in French. Der, die, or das in German, the das is for neuter.

そして、この名詞は男性か女性なのかが区別できます。フランス語のLa と leや、ドイツ語のDer, die, と dasなどです。

基礎受動態

In Zande, which is found in a few countries in Central Africa, there are four grammatical genders: human male, human female, animate, and inanimate.

-- dasは中性です。ザンデ語、中央アフリカのいくつかの国で話されている言語ですが、

There are even occasional languages with even more complicated systems than that.

そこでは文法的性は４種類もあります:男性(人)、女性(人)、有生、無生です。もっと複雑なシステムで使っている言語もあります。 

Now, I'm a descriptivist linguist⏤I am not meant to judge whether language features are good or bad; I'm just meant to describe what they do.

記述言語学者として、ある言語が良いかどうかを批評するべきではなく、

But grammatical gender is just such a stupid concept.

言語の仕組みを述べるべきですが、文法的な性別は本当に

I sort of hate myself for saying that, but it is really silly.

バカな概念です。そんなことを言うのは嫌なんですが、本当にバカだと思います。

So, that's a... that's a computer, is it, French? So it's male. All computers are male.

フランス語のパソコンは男性名詞ですから、パソコンは全部男性です。そして、あっちに瓶があります。フランス語で

And that's a bottle, is it French? So it's female? All bottles are female? Really? Should I dress it up in a friggin' pink apron and give it a rolling pin as well?

これは女性名詞ですから、瓶は全部女性なのでしょうか？なら、瓶を

ピンク色のエプロンを飾り付けて、麺棒つけた方がいいのでしょうか？

I'm exaggerating, but I genuinely have tried searching the literature for any advantages of grammatical gender.

（記述主義者の方、批判しないで。）

There's only one vaguely convincing argument, which is that it can help clear up ambiguities and speeds up recognition of words by a small amount.

ちょっと大げさなのは知ってますけど、文法的な性別の利点が記録してる文献を探してました。

Okay. But three-quarters of the world's languages manage just fine without it. And meanwhile, grammatical gender causes a heck of a lot of problems.

あまり説得力のない主張が１つあります、それは、言葉の曖昧さを

First problem: it affects the way you think. When asked to describe a key, German speakers -- who classify key as male -- were likely to associate it with "hard," "heavy" and "jagged".

はっきりさせ、言葉の認識をより早くできるようになるというのもです、ほんの少しですが。

Whereas Spanish speakers -- who classify key as female -- were more likely to say it was "golden," "intricate," and "little". That also says a lot about gender roles in society, but my word, that's something I ain't qualified to talk about.

ですが、世界の４分の３の言語は文法的な性別がなくても問題なく、逆に、

Second problem: it's really clunky. Job adverts in languages with grammatical gender have to either use both terms or a half-assed marker to clarify that they're asking for anyone.

文法的な性別によって色々な問題が発生します。

Which brings me to English. English doesn't have grammatical gender -- it used to, in Old English.

まず一つ目の問題: あなたの考え方は隠せません。もし鍵について述べてくださいと言われ、ドイツ語を話す人は、

We've still got a couple of words like blond and blonde that change depending on gender, but we don't have to worry about having to file everything into one box or another.

--ドイツ語では鍵は男性名詞なので-- おそらく「硬い」、「重い」と「ぎざぎざの」などの単語を一緒に使うでしょう。

But what we do have is the third-person pronouns "he", "she", and "it". And that's a problem.

もし、スペイン語母語者だったら、-- スペイン語の鍵は雌性ですので--

If I want to refer to you, the viewer, I have to use the pronoun "he or she".

「黄金色の」、「複雑な」と「小さい」が使われる可能性が高いです。文法的性は

Which is ludicrous for several reasons: one, it's an unwieldy three syllables, and it sounds awful.

社会的な男女の固定的概念についてよくわかります、それは、僕が評論できることではありませんが。

Two, there are folks who don't fit into, or don't want to declare as, either of those categories, and if that surprises you, you need to get out more.

そして、第2の問題は：文法的な性別は古臭く、文法的な性別をもつ言語での求人広告は、

男性女性両方使うか、性別を問わない表示がされています。

There's really no suitable pronoun to use.

英語のことを思い出した。昔の英語は文法的な性別がありましたが、今はもうありません。

Except. English does have a solution. And lots of people are using it.

確かに、英語の中にはまだ文法的な性別が残っており、例えば、男性ではblond、女性では blondですが、e

And a lot of old stick-in-the-mud folks hate it. The answer is "they".

僕たちには、どの言葉はどの属性なのか心配する必要はありません。

Facebook is using "they". I signed up to Facebook before they started asking for gender.

And I've never actually told them that I'm a guy. So my friends will see "Tom Scott updated their profile picture".

しかし、英語には： 代名詞の三人称です。「彼」、「彼女」と「これ」は、厄介ですね。

And you know what? That sounds absolutely fine to me.

もし視聴者のことを言いたいなら、「彼と彼女」を使わないといけません。ばかばかしいでしょう。

It just seems normal now. It's going to depend on your dialect whether it sounds good to you, but brace yourself, 'cos singular they? It's spreading fast.

理由は：1つ目、音節が3つつづくため聞こえが悪いということ。そして、2つ目は

ある人達には適用しない、この2つのグループに入りたくないという人です。

When I used it in the very first sentence of this video. And it's got history. Even Shakespeare used it.

これに驚いたあなた、もっと外の世界に触れましょう。「これ」は人間性を感じられないので、

Better yet, because "they" sounds natural, it gets around the problem of trying to force invented pronouns into English -- which, let's be honest, has never actually worked.

中性名詞として使うにはあまり適当ではありません。

So there you go. I've gone against my descriptivist training, and said that one linguistic trait is better than another.

ですが、１つ解決方法があって、使っている人もたくさんいます。それに、

And I'm okay with that. Because... some people are "they". Get over it.

保守的な人たちはこの言い方は嫌っていますが、それは「彼ら」です。