and it's a serious problem with boys.

男の子の問題について

Their culture isn't working in schools,

話をしたいと思います

and I'm going to share with you ways

それは深刻な問題です

that we can think about overcoming that problem.

彼らの特性が学校に適応していません

First, I want to start by saying, this is a boy,

そこで私は この問題に

and this is a girl,

いかに対処できるかを話します

and this is probably stereotypically what you think of as a boy and a girl.

まず初めに　これが男の子

If I essentialize gender for you today, then you can dismiss what I have to say.

こちらが女の子です

So I'm not going to do that, I'm not interested in doing that.

皆さん多分無意識に

This is a different kind of boy and a different kind of girl.

少年と少女と思ったことでしょう

So the point here is that not all boys exist within these rigid boundaries

性を要約して述べることは

of what we think of as boys and girls,

私の意図とは外れるので

and not all girls exist within those rigid boundaries

そんなことはしませんし 興味もありません

of what we think of as girls.

これは別のタイプの男の子と女の子です

But, in fact, most boys tend to be a certain way,

つまり全ての男の子が

and most girls tend to be a certain way.

我々の考える少年と

And the point is that, for boys,

一致するわけではないのです

the way that they exist and the culture that they embrace

無論全ての少女が我々の考える

isn't working well in schools now.

少女の枠に当てはまるわけでもありません

How do we know that?

しかし 実はほとんどの少年 少女は

The 100 girls project tells us some really nice statistics.

それぞれの特徴を持っています

For example, for every 100 girls that are suspended from school,

そして今日の学校では

there are 250 boys that are suspended from school.

行動様式や彼らの特性が

For every 100 girls who are expelled from school,

上手く機能していないのです

there are 335 boys who are expelled from school.

なぜそんなことがわかるのでしょう？

For every 100 girls in special education,

少女100人プロジェクトは

there are 217 boys.

素晴らしい統計を示しています

For every 100 girls with a learning disability,

例えば 停学処分を受ける100人の女子生徒に対して

there are 276 boys.

250人の男子生徒が停学になっています

For every 100 girls with an emotional disturbance diagnosed,

退学処分を受ける女子生徒100人に対しては

we have 324 boys.

男子生徒の数は335に上ります

And by the way, all of these numbers are significantly higher

特別教育を受ける女子生徒が100人の時

if you happen to be black,

男子生徒の数は217

if you happen to be poor,

学習障害を抱える女子生徒が100人なら

if you happen to exist in an overcrowded school.

男子では276となり

And if you are a boy,

情緒障害と診断される

you're four times as likely to be diagnosed with ADHD --

女子生徒100人に対して

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

男子では324

Now there is another side to this.

それと これらの数値は黒人 貧しい家庭の出身

And it is important that we recognize that women still need help in school,

もしくは生徒数が多すぎる学校に

that salaries are still significantly lower,

通う生徒の場合に著しい

even when controlled for job types,

増加傾向を示しています

and that girls have continued to struggle in math and science for years.

そして男子生徒は

That's all true.

４倍もの割合で

Nothing about that prevents us

ADHDと診断されています

from paying attention to the literacy needs

注意欠陥多動障害です

of our boys between ages three and 13.

もう一つの側面に移りましょう

And so we should.

理解していただきたい点は 学校での

In fact, what we ought to do is take a page from their playbook,

女性への支援はいまだに必要で

because the initiatives and programs that have been set in place

職場では 女性の賃金は著しく低く

for women in science and engineering and mathematics are fantastic.

職種別に選分けてみてもそうです

They've done a lot of good for girls in these situations,

そして女生徒は長年にわたって

and we ought to be thinking about how we can make that happen for boys too

数学や科学を苦手としています

in their younger years.

これらは全て事実です

Even in their older years,

だからと言って ３～１３歳の

what we find is that there's still a problem.

男子生徒の読み書きの必要性を

When we look at the universities,

ないがしろにする理由にはならず

60 percent of baccalaureate degrees are going to women now,

我々はもっと注意を払うべきです

which is a significant shift.

事実 彼らのゲームの戦略本を手本にするべきなのです

And in fact, university administrators are a little uncomfortable about the idea

女子生徒が科学や工学

that we may be getting close to 70 percent female population in universities.

数学を学ぶために導入された

This makes university administrators very nervous,

構想やプログラムは

because girls don't want to go to schools that don't have boys.

素晴らしいものです

And so we're starting to see

女子生徒の抱える問題の打開に

the establishment of men centers and men studies

大きな成果を上げています

to think about how do we engage men in their experiences in the university.

どうすれば早期の段階で

If you talk to faculty, they may say, "Ugh. Yeah, well,

男子生徒がこのような成果を得られるか

they're playing video games,

検討する必要があります

and they're gambling online all night long,

年を重ねても依然として

and they're playing World of Warcraft,

問題はなくなりません

and that's affecting their academic achievement."

大学では現在

Guess what?

60%の学士号が女生徒に渡っています

Video games are not the cause.

顕著な転換です

Video games are a symptom.

事実 大学側も女子生徒の

They were turned off a long time before they got here.

人口が70%に近づいて来ている

So let's talk about why they got turned off

この状況に少し

when they were between the ages of three and 13.

懸念を抱えています

There are three reasons that I believe

大学側が不安を感じている原因は

that boys are out of sync with the culture of schools today.

男子のいない学校に女子は行きたがらないからです

The first is zero tolerance.

そこで私たちは男性センターを設立して

A kindergarten teacher I know, her son donated all of his toys to her,

いかにして男性を大学生活に

and when he did, she had to go through and pull out all the little plastic guns.

従事させられるかという

You can't have plastic knives and swords and axes

男性学の研究を初めました

and all that kind of thing in a kindergarten classroom.

大学の教授陣はこう言うでしょう

What is it that we're afraid that this young man is going to do with this gun?

「あぁ そうだね 彼らは大概ゲームや

I mean, really.

オンラインギャンブルを夜通しやっているね

But here he stands as testament

World of Warcraftもやっているよ

to the fact that you can't roughhouse on the playground today.

こういうことが彼らの

Now I'm not advocating for bullies.

学業の妨げになっているんだよ」

I'm not suggesting that we need to be allowing guns and knives in the school.

いいですか

But when we say that an Eagle Scout in a high school classroom

テレビゲームは根源ではありません

who has a locked parked car in the parking lot and a penknife in it,

これは中毒症状で

has to be suspended from school,

この状態に辿り着く随分前に

I think we may have gone a little too far with zero tolerance.

彼らのやる気は損なわれてしまっているのです

Another way that zero tolerance lives itself out

そこで彼らが３-13歳の間に動機を

is in the writing of boys.

見失ってしまう原因についてお話しします

In a lot of classrooms today,

今日の学校の文化に

you're not allowed to write about anything that's violent.

男子生徒が馴染めない理由は

You're not allowed to write about anything that has to do with video games.

三つあると考えています

These topics are banned.

まず ゼロ容認が揚げられます

Boy comes home from school, and he says,

知人の保母さんは

"I hate writing."

息子さんのおもちゃを幼稚園に寄付する際

"Why do you hate writing, son? What's wrong with writing?"

おもちゃを全部点検して小さなプラスティック銃を

"Now I have to write what she tells me to write."

全て処分しなければなりませんでした

"OK, what is she telling you to write?"

プラスチックのナイフ 剣 斧

"Poems. I have to write poems.

これらのものは全て

And little moments in my life.

幼稚園で禁じられています

I don't want to write that stuff."

この少年がこれらのおもちゃを使い いったい何ができるでしょう？

"Well, what do you want to write?

冗談ではありませんよ

What do you want to write about?"

これは今日 児童が校庭で大騒ぎできないと言う

"I want to write about video games. I want to write about leveling-up.

事実を証明しています

I want to write about this really interesting world.

いじめを推奨しているのではありません

I want to write about a tornado that comes into our house

学校での銃やナイフへの許容が

and blows all the windows out,

必要だと言うつもりもありません

and ruins all the furniture and kills everybody."

しかしイーグル・スカウト

"All right. OK."

(米国ボーイスカウトの最高位)

You tell a teacher that, and they'll ask you, in all seriousness,

の生徒が鍵をかけ 駐車した

"Should we send this child to the psychologist?"

車からペンナイフが見つかれば

And the answer is no, he's just a boy.

停学処分を受けるとなれば

He's just a little boy.

ゼロ容認は行き過ぎているかもと考えます

It's not OK to write these kinds of things in classrooms today.

ゼロ容認は男子生徒の作文にも適用されます

So that's the first reason:

今日 多くの学校で暴力について

Zero tolerance policies and the way they're lived out.

書くことは認められていません

The next reason that boys' cultures are out of sync with school cultures:

テレビゲームに関するものも同様です

there are fewer male teachers.

この手の主題は禁じられているのです

Anybody who's over 15 doesn't know what this means,

男子は学校から帰宅し 言うでしょう

because in the last 10 years,

「作文なんて嫌いだ」

the number of elementary school classroom teachers has been cut in half.

「どうして嫌いなの？作文の何が嫌いなの？」

We went from 14 percent to seven percent.

「先生の言うことを書かなきゃいけないから」

That means that 93 percent of the teachers

「そう 先生は何を書きなさいって言っているの？」

that our young men get in elementary classrooms are women.

「詩だよ 詩を書かなきゃいけないんだ

Now what's the problem with this?

それと日常のささいなこと

Women are great, yep, absolutely.

こんなものは書きたくないんだ」

But male role models for boys that say it's all right to be smart --

「そう　じゃあ何を書きたいの？どんなことを書きたいの？」

they've got dads, they've got pastors, they've got Cub Scout leaders,

「テレビゲーム　レベルアップについてとか

but ultimately, six hours a day, five days a week

あの面白いゲームの世界についてとか

they're spending in a classroom,

僕の家にやって来て 窓を全部吹っ飛ばして

and most of those classrooms are not places where men exist.

家具をめちゃくちゃにして

And so they say, I guess this really isn't a place for boys.

みんなを殺しちゃう竜巻とか」

This is a place for girls.

「そう　わかったわ」

And I'm not very good at this,

先生にこれを話せば

so I guess I'd better go play video games

深刻な面持ちでこう言われるでしょう

or get into sports, or something like that,

「精神病院に連れて行った方がいいかしら？」

because I obviously don't belong here.

答えはNoです 彼は子供なのです

Men don't belong here, that's pretty obvious.

彼は小さな男の子なのです

So that may be a very direct way that we see it happen.

今日 学校ではこのようなことを

But less directly, the lack of male presence in the culture --

書くことは良しとされていません

you've got a teachers' lounge, and they're having a conversation

これが第一の理由です

about Joey and Johnny who beat each other up on the playground.

ゼロ容認と学校からの孤立です

"What are we going to do with these boys?"

男子が学校に適合できない次の理由は

The answer to that question changes

男子教員の不足です

depending on who's sitting around that table.

15歳以上の方はなんのことだか

Are there men around that table?

さっぱりでしょうが

Are there moms who've raised boys around that table?

ここ10年で小学校教員の数は

You'll see, the conversation changes

半分に削減されました

depending upon who's sitting around the table.

こうして男性職員の割合は

Third reason that boys are out of sync with school today:

14%から７%に落ち込みました

Kindergarten is the old second grade, folks.

つまり小学校で男子生徒を

We have a serious compression of the curriculum happening out there.

担当する先生の93%は

When you're three, you better be able to write your name legibly,

女性ということです

or else we'll consider it a developmental delay.

問題は何なのでしょう？

By the time you're in first grade,

女性は素晴らしいです　間違いなく

you should be able to read paragraphs of text

しかし 賢いのは良いことだと

with maybe a picture, maybe not, in a book of maybe 25 to 30 pages.

示してくれる模範男性--

If you don't,

父親や牧師

we're probably going to be putting you into a Title I special reading program.

カブスカウトのリーダーもいますが

And if you ask Title I teachers, they'll tell you

結局彼らは一日６時間

they've got about four or five boys for every girl that's in their program,

週５日を学校で過ごします

in the elementary grades.

そしてほとんどの教室には

The reason that this is a problem

男性がいません

is because the message that boys are getting

だから少年たちは ここは男性の居場所ではないと思います

is, "You need to do what the teacher asks you to do all the time."

学校は女の子の為の場所なのです

The teacher's salary depends on "No Child Left Behind"

男子は「俺には向いてないな

and "Race to the Top" and accountability and testing

じゃあテレビゲームとか

and all of this.

スポーツとか なんか別のことしよう

So she has to figure out a way to get all these boys

ここは僕のいる場所じゃないから

through this curriculum -- and girls.

明らかにここは男性の居場所ではありません

This compressed curriculum is bad for all active kids.

この見解はとても

And what happens is,

直接的に映るかもしれません

she says, "Please, sit down, be quiet, do what you're told,

しかしもっと間接的にも

follow the rules, manage your time, focus, be a girl."

男性の不足した場所での

That's what she tells them.

休憩室での先生の会話は

Indirectly, that's what she tells them.

校庭で殴り合いのけんかをした

And so this is a very serious problem.

ジョイとジョニーについてこう言います

Where is it coming from? It's coming from us.

「男子生徒達にはどう対処したらいいのしら？」

(Laughter)

質問の答えは 誰がそこにいるかで変わります

We want our babies to read when they are six months old.

そこに男性はいるでしょうか？

Have you seen the ads?

男子生徒の育ての母はいるでしょうか？

We want to live in Lake Wobegon where every child is above average ...

会話の内容自体がその席に

but what this does to our children is really not healthy.

居合わせている人によって変わるのです

It's not developmentally appropriate,

男子が学校に馴染めない第三の理由とは

and it's particularly bad for boys.

幼稚園が以前の２年生であることです

So what do we do?

私達のカリキュラムは深刻な圧縮を迫られてきました

We need to meet them where they are.

３歳で自分の名前をきれいに書けること

We need to put ourselves into boy culture.

書けないと発育遅延だと判断されてしまいます

We need to change the mindset of acceptance in boys

一年生になるまでに

in elementary schools.

写真はあるかもしれませんが

More specifically, we can do some very specific things.

25から30ページ程の

We can design better games.

文章の読解能力が求められます

Most of the educational games that are out there today

これを欠くと "Title 1" (米国の特別教育)

are really flashcards.

への参加を検討しなくてはいけません

They're glorified drill and practice.

Title 1の先生方によると

They don't have the depth, the rich narrative

小学校で このプログラムを受ける男子生徒の割合は

that really engaging video games have,

女生徒１人につき４～５人だそうです

that the boys are really interested in.

これが問題である理由は

So we need to design better games.

男子生徒の受け取るメッセージです

We need to talk to teachers and parents and school board members and politicians.

「君はいつも先生が

We need to make sure that people see that we need more men in the classroom.

いうことをしなくちゃいけないんだよ」

We need to look carefully at our zero tolerance policies.

教員の収入を決める要素は

Do they make sense?

落ちこぼれなし　成績優秀

We need to think about how to uncompress this curriculum if we can,

説明責任　テスト

trying to bring boys back into a space that is comfortable for them.

全部です

All of those conversations need to be happening.

つまり先生は女子だけでなく

There are some great examples out there of schools --

男子もカリキュラムをこなせる方法を

the New York Times just talked about a school recently.

見つけなくてはならないのです

A game designer from the New School

この圧縮カリキュラムは活発な

put together a wonderful video gaming school.

子供達全員に悪影響を及ぼします

But it only treats a few kids, and so this isn't very scalable.

そして現状はというと

We have to change the culture and the feelings

「はい 座りましょう

that politicians and school board members and parents have

静かに言われたことをやりましょう ルールを守って

about the way we accept and what we accept in our schools today.

時間を上手に使って 集中集中

We need to find more money for game design.

女の子になりましょう」

Because good games, really good games, cost money,

これが彼女の生徒への言葉です

and World of Warcraft has quite a budget.

間接的にこのようなメッセージを投げかけています

Most of the educational games do not.

これは深刻な問題です　原因はなんでしょうか？

Where we started:

それは私達です

my colleagues Mike Petner, Shawn Vashaw, myself,

(笑)

we started by trying to look at the teachers' attitudes

生後６か月の子供に読書を求めているのは私達です

and find out how do they really feel about gaming,

この広告を見たことがありますか？

what do they say about it.

「子供達みんなが賢い

And we discovered that they talk about the kids in their school,

レイク・ウーバゴンに暮らしたいな」

who talk about gaming, in pretty demeaning ways.

しかし赤ん坊にとってこれは健康的ではありません

They say, "Oh, yeah. They're always talking about that stuff.

自然な発達過程には不適切であり

They're talking about their little action figures

とりわけ少年に悪影響を与えます

and their little achievements or merit badges,

そこで 何をしたらいいのでしょうか？

or whatever it is that they get.

本当の彼らと向き合うべきです

And they're always talking about this stuff."

少年達の文化に身を置く必要があります

And they say these things as if it's OK.

小学校での男子生徒を受け入れる

But if it were your culture, think of how that might feel.

私たちの考え方を改める必要があります

It's very uncomfortable to be on the receiving end

はっきり言うと 具体的な解決策があります