字幕表 動画を再生する
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Trees epitomize stasis.
翻訳: Hideki Kamiya 校正: Yukiko Oikawa
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Trees are rooted in the ground in one place
木は静止状態の典型です
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for many human generations,
根を張ると何世代もの間
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but if we shift our perspective
同じ地にあります
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from the trunk to the twigs,
しかし視点を
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trees become very dynamic entities,
幹から小枝に移すと
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moving and growing.
木は活発な動体となります
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And I decided to explore this movement
動き成長するのです
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by turning trees into artists.
私はこの動きを探究するため
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I simply tied the end of a paintbrush onto a twig.
木を芸術家にしました
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I waited for the wind to come up and held up a canvas,
単純に 小枝に筆の先端を結びました
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and that produced art.
風を待ち、カンバスを保持しました
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The piece of art you see on your left
すると芸術を生み出すのです
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is painted by a western red cedar
左の絵は
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and that on your right by a Douglas fir,
ベイスギが
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and what I learned was that different species
右はダグラスファーが描きました
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have different signatures, like a Picasso versus a Monet.
木にはそれぞれ特徴があり
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But I was also interested in the movement of trees
それはまるでピカソとモネのようです
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and how this art might let me capture that and quantify it,
しかし私は木の動きをどう捉え
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so to measure the distance that a single vine maple tree --
数量化するかに興味を持ちました
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which produced this painting -- moved in a single year,
それでこの絵を描いたツタカエデの
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I simply measured and summed
年間運動距離を測るために
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each of those lines.
個々のラインを
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I multiplied them by the number of twigs per branch
測定合計しました
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and the number of branches per tree
それに枝1本当りの小枝数と
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and then divided that by the number of minutes per year.
木1本当りの枝数を掛けて
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And so I was able to calculate
1年を分換算したもので割りました
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how far a single tree moved in a single year.
それで木1本の
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You might have a guess.
年間運動距離を計算できました
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The answer is actually 186,540 miles,
どれだけかわかりますか
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or seven times around the globe.
186,540マイル
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And so simply by shifting our perspective from a single trunk
地球7周分です
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to the many dynamic twigs,
単に視点をひとつの幹から
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we are able to see that trees are not simply static entities,
たくさんの動的な小枝に移すことで
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but rather extremely dynamic.
木は単なる静物ではなく
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And I began to think about ways that
極めて躍動的だとわかるのです
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we might consider this lesson of trees,
私はこの木から学んだことの
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to consider other entities that are also static and stuck,
生かし方を考え
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but which cry for change and dynamicism,
静的で行き場がないが変化と躍動を
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and one of those entities is our prisons.
求める他の存在物を考え始めました
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Prisons, of course, are where people who break our laws
その1つが刑務所です
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are stuck, confined behind bars.
刑務所は法を犯した人が
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And our prison system itself is stuck.
監禁拘束されている所です
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The United States has over 2.3 million
刑務所制度自体も行き詰っています
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incarcerated men and women.
全米で230万人以上の
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That number is rising.
男女が投獄されており
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Of the 100 incarcerated people that are released,
その数は増加しています
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60 will return to prison.
釈放された人の6割が
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Funds for education, for training
刑務所に戻ってきます
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and for rehabilitation are declining,
教育、職業訓練、社会復帰の
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so this despairing cycle of incarceration continues.
資金は減少しています
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I decided to ask whether the lesson
この投獄の悪循環は終わりません
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I had learned from trees as artists
芸術家としての木から
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could be applied to a static institution
学んだことが静的施設に
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such as our prisons,
適用できるかを調べました
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and I think the answer is yes.
刑務所のような施設です
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In the year 2007,
答えはイエスです
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I started a partnership
2007年に
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with the Washington State Department of Corrections.
ワシントン州更生局との
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Working with four prisons, we began bringing science and scientists,
提携を発足しました
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sustainability and conservation projects
4刑務所と協働で、科学と科学者
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to four state prisons.
持続可能性と保全プロジェクトを
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We give science lectures,
4つの州刑務所に持ち込みました
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and the men here are choosing to come to our science lectures
我々は科学の講義をします
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instead of watching television or weightlifting.
囚人は科学講義に来ます
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That, I think, is movement.
TVや重量挙げの代わりです
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We partnered with the Nature Conservancy
それは動きだと思います
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for inmates at Stafford Creek Correctional Center
スタフォードクリーク矯正センターの
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to grow endangered prairie plants
囚人のために自然管理委員会と組み
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for restoration of relic prairie areas in Washington state.
絶滅危惧植物を栽培しました
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That, I think, is movement.
州に残された大草原を復元するためです
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We worked with the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife
これも動きだと思います
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to grow endangered frogs -- the Oregon spotted frog --
ワシントン州野生生物局と協働し
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for later release into protected wetlands.
絶滅危惧種のカエルを飼育し
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That, I think, is movement.
後に保護湿地に放流しました
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And just recently, we've begun to work with
これも動きです
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those men who are segregated
最近協働しているのは
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in what we call Supermax facilities.
最高レベル警備施設に
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They've incurred violent infractions
隔離されている囚人です
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by becoming violent with guards
亀裂骨折を負っています
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and with other prisoners.
看守や他の囚人と
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They're kept in bare cells like this
暴力沙汰になったのです
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for 23 hours a day.
何もない個室に隔離です
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When they have meetings with their review boards or mental health professionals,
1日23時間です
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they're placed in immobile booths like this.
審査委員や精神科医との面接の際
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For one hour a day
身動きできないブースに入ります
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they're brought to these bleak and bland exercise yards.
1日1時間閑散とした
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Although we can't bring trees and prairie plants
味気ない運動場に連れて来られます
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and frogs into these environments,
木や植物、カエルを
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we are bringing images of nature
身近な環境に持ち込めませんが
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into these exercise yards,
自然のイメージを
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putting them on the walls, so at least they get contact
運動場に取り込み
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with visual images of nature.
壁も植物で覆うので
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This is Mr. Lopez, who has been in solitary confinement for 18 months,
自然のイメージと接触できるのです
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and he's providing input on the types of images
18ヵ月間独房にいるロペス氏です
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that he believes would make him and his fellow inmates
彼はあるイメージを提供してくれます
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more serene, more calm,
自分自身や仲間を
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less apt to violence.
平穏安静にし
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And so what we see, I think,
非暴力的にする理想型です
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is that small, collective movements of change
ご覧の通り
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can perhaps move
変化を求める小さな動きが集まれば
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an entity such as our own prison system
動かすことができるのです
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in a direction of hope.
刑務所制度のようなものを
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We know that trees are static entities
希望に導くのです
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when we look at their trunks.
幹だけを見ると
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But if trees can create art,
木は静物です
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if they can encircle the globe seven times in one year,
でも木が芸術を創造できるなら
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if prisoners can grow plants and raise frogs,
1年に地球を7周できるなら
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then perhaps there are other static entities
囚人が植物やカエルを飼育するなら
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that we hold inside ourselves,
我々の内面にある
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like grief, like addictions,
他の静物、例えば
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like racism,
悲痛、中毒
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that can also change.
人種差別なども
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Thank you very much.
同様に変えられるのです
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(Applause)
ご清聴ありがとうございました