Trees are rooted in the ground in one place

木は静止状態の典型です

for many human generations,

根を張ると何世代もの間

but if we shift our perspective

同じ地にあります

from the trunk to the twigs,

しかし視点を

trees become very dynamic entities,

幹から小枝に移すと

moving and growing.

木は活発な動体となります

And I decided to explore this movement

動き成長するのです

by turning trees into artists.

私はこの動きを探究するため

I simply tied the end of a paintbrush onto a twig.

木を芸術家にしました

I waited for the wind to come up and held up a canvas,

単純に 小枝に筆の先端を結びました

and that produced art.

風を待ち、カンバスを保持しました

The piece of art you see on your left

すると芸術を生み出すのです

is painted by a western red cedar

左の絵は

and that on your right by a Douglas fir,

ベイスギが

and what I learned was that different species

右はダグラスファーが描きました

have different signatures, like a Picasso versus a Monet.

木にはそれぞれ特徴があり

But I was also interested in the movement of trees

それはまるでピカソとモネのようです

and how this art might let me capture that and quantify it,

しかし私は木の動きをどう捉え

so to measure the distance that a single vine maple tree --

数量化するかに興味を持ちました

which produced this painting -- moved in a single year,

それでこの絵を描いたツタカエデの

I simply measured and summed

年間運動距離を測るために

each of those lines.

個々のラインを

I multiplied them by the number of twigs per branch

測定合計しました

and the number of branches per tree

それに枝1本当りの小枝数と

and then divided that by the number of minutes per year.

木1本当りの枝数を掛けて

And so I was able to calculate

1年を分換算したもので割りました

how far a single tree moved in a single year.

それで木1本の

You might have a guess.

年間運動距離を計算できました

The answer is actually 186,540 miles,

どれだけかわかりますか

or seven times around the globe.

186,540マイル

And so simply by shifting our perspective from a single trunk

地球7周分です

to the many dynamic twigs,

単に視点をひとつの幹から

we are able to see that trees are not simply static entities,

たくさんの動的な小枝に移すことで

but rather extremely dynamic.

木は単なる静物ではなく

And I began to think about ways that

極めて躍動的だとわかるのです

we might consider this lesson of trees,

私はこの木から学んだことの

to consider other entities that are also static and stuck,

生かし方を考え

but which cry for change and dynamicism,

静的で行き場がないが変化と躍動を

and one of those entities is our prisons.

求める他の存在物を考え始めました

Prisons, of course, are where people who break our laws

その1つが刑務所です

are stuck, confined behind bars.

刑務所は法を犯した人が

And our prison system itself is stuck.

監禁拘束されている所です

The United States has over 2.3 million

刑務所制度自体も行き詰っています

incarcerated men and women.

全米で230万人以上の

That number is rising.

男女が投獄されており

Of the 100 incarcerated people that are released,

その数は増加しています

60 will return to prison.

釈放された人の6割が

Funds for education, for training

刑務所に戻ってきます

and for rehabilitation are declining,

教育、職業訓練、社会復帰の

so this despairing cycle of incarceration continues.

資金は減少しています

I decided to ask whether the lesson

この投獄の悪循環は終わりません

I had learned from trees as artists

芸術家としての木から

could be applied to a static institution

学んだことが静的施設に

such as our prisons,

適用できるかを調べました

and I think the answer is yes.

刑務所のような施設です

In the year 2007,

答えはイエスです

I started a partnership

2007年に

with the Washington State Department of Corrections.

ワシントン州更生局との

Working with four prisons, we began bringing science and scientists,

提携を発足しました

sustainability and conservation projects

4刑務所と協働で、科学と科学者

to four state prisons.

持続可能性と保全プロジェクトを

We give science lectures,

4つの州刑務所に持ち込みました

and the men here are choosing to come to our science lectures

我々は科学の講義をします

instead of watching television or weightlifting.

囚人は科学講義に来ます

That, I think, is movement.

ＴＶや重量挙げの代わりです

We partnered with the Nature Conservancy

それは動きだと思います

for inmates at Stafford Creek Correctional Center

スタフォードクリーク矯正センターの

to grow endangered prairie plants

囚人のために自然管理委員会と組み

for restoration of relic prairie areas in Washington state.

絶滅危惧植物を栽培しました

That, I think, is movement.

州に残された大草原を復元するためです

We worked with the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife

これも動きだと思います

to grow endangered frogs -- the Oregon spotted frog --

ワシントン州野生生物局と協働し

for later release into protected wetlands.

絶滅危惧種のカエルを飼育し

That, I think, is movement.

後に保護湿地に放流しました

And just recently, we've begun to work with

これも動きです

those men who are segregated

最近協働しているのは

in what we call Supermax facilities.

最高レベル警備施設に

They've incurred violent infractions

隔離されている囚人です

by becoming violent with guards

亀裂骨折を負っています

and with other prisoners.

看守や他の囚人と

They're kept in bare cells like this

暴力沙汰になったのです

for 23 hours a day.

何もない個室に隔離です

When they have meetings with their review boards or mental health professionals,

1日23時間です

they're placed in immobile booths like this.

審査委員や精神科医との面接の際

For one hour a day

身動きできないブースに入ります

they're brought to these bleak and bland exercise yards.

1日1時間閑散とした

Although we can't bring trees and prairie plants

味気ない運動場に連れて来られます

and frogs into these environments,

木や植物、カエルを

we are bringing images of nature

身近な環境に持ち込めませんが

into these exercise yards,

自然のイメージを

putting them on the walls, so at least they get contact

運動場に取り込み

with visual images of nature.

壁も植物で覆うので

This is Mr. Lopez, who has been in solitary confinement for 18 months,

自然のイメージと接触できるのです

and he's providing input on the types of images

18ヵ月間独房にいるロペス氏です

that he believes would make him and his fellow inmates

彼はあるイメージを提供してくれます

more serene, more calm,

自分自身や仲間を

less apt to violence.

平穏安静にし

And so what we see, I think,

非暴力的にする理想型です

is that small, collective movements of change

ご覧の通り

can perhaps move

変化を求める小さな動きが集まれば

an entity such as our own prison system

動かすことができるのです

in a direction of hope.

刑務所制度のようなものを

We know that trees are static entities

希望に導くのです

when we look at their trunks.

幹だけを見ると

But if trees can create art,

木は静物です

if they can encircle the globe seven times in one year,

でも木が芸術を創造できるなら

if prisoners can grow plants and raise frogs,

1年に地球を7周できるなら

then perhaps there are other static entities

囚人が植物やカエルを飼育するなら

that we hold inside ourselves,

我々の内面にある

like grief, like addictions,

他の静物、例えば

like racism,

悲痛、中毒

that can also change.

人種差別なども

Thank you very much.

同様に変えられるのです

(Applause)

ご清聴ありがとうございました