20、 Obama
初級 米 130 タグ追加 保存
このエントリーをはてなブックマークに追加
動画の字幕をクリックしてすぐ単語の意味を調べられます！
単語帳読み込み中…
字幕の修正報告
I only have three minutes
so I'm going to have to talk fast, and it will
use up your spare mental cycles, so multitasking may be hard.
So, 27 years ago I got a traffic ticket
that got me thinking.
I've had some time to think it over.
And energy efficiency is more than just
about the vehicle --
it's also about the road.
Road design makes a difference, particularly intersections,
of which there are two types: signalized
and unsignalized, which means stop signs.
Fifty percent of crashes happen at intersections.
Roundabouts are much better.
A study of 24 intersections
has found crashes drop 40 percent
from when you convert a traffic light into a roundabout.
Injury crashes have dropped 76 percent,
fatal crashes down 90 percent.
But that's just safety.
What about time and gas?
So, traffic keeps flowing, so that means less braking,
which means less accelerating, less gas and less pollution,
less time wasted,
and that partly accounts for Europe's better efficiency
than we have in the United States.
So, unsignalized intersections,
meaning stop signs, they save many lives,
but there's an excessive proliferation of them.
Small roundabouts are starting to appear.
This is one in my neighborhood. And they are
much better -- better than traffic lights, better than four-way stop signs.
They're expensive to install,
but they are more expensive not to. So, we should look at that.
But they are not applicable in all situations.
So, take, for example, the three-way intersection.
So, it's logical that you'd have one there,
on the minor road entering the major.
But the other two are somewhat questionable.
So, here's one. There's another one which I studied.
Cars rarely appear on that third road.
And so, the question is, what does that cost us?
That intersection I looked at had about 3,000
cars per day in each direction,
and so that's two ounces of gas to accelerate out of.
That's five cents each, and times 3,000 cars per day,
that's $51,000 per year.
That's just the gasoline cost. There is also pollution,
wear on the car, and time.
What's that time worth?
Well, at 10 seconds per 3,000 cars,
that's 8.3 hours per day. The average wage in the U.S.
is $20 an hour. That is 60,000 per year.
Add that together with the gas, and it's $112,000 per year,
just for that sign in each direction.
Discount that back to the present, at five percent:
over two million dollars
for a stop sign, in each direction.
Now, if you look at what that adjacent property is worth,
you could actually buy the property,
cut down the shrubbery to improve the sight line,
and then sell it off again.
And you'd still come out ahead.
So, it makes one wonder, "Why is it there?"
I mean, why is there that stop sign in each direction?
Because it is saving lives. So, is there a better way to accomplish that goal?
The answer is to enable cars
to come in from that side road safely.
Because there are a lot of people who might live up there
and if they're waiting forever a long queue could form
because the cars aren't slowing down on the main road.
Can that be accomplished with existing signs?
So, there is a long history of stop signs and yield signs.
Stop signs were invented in 1915,
yield signs in 1950. But that's all we got.
So, why not use a yield sign?
Well the meaning of yield is: You must yield the right-of-way.
That means that if there are five cars waiting, you have to wait
till they all go, then you go. It lacks the notion
of alternating, or taking turns,
and it's always on the minor road,
allowing the major one to have primacy.
So, it's hard to create a new meaning for the existing sign.
You couldn't suddenly tell everyone, "OK, remember
what you used to do at yield signs? Now do something different."
That would not work.
So, what the world needs now
is a new type of sign.
(Applause)
So, you'd have a little instruction below it,
you know, for those who didn't see the public service announcements.
And it merges the stop sign and yield signs.
It's kind of shaped like a T, as in taking turns.
And uncertainty results in caution.
When people come to an unfamiliar situation they don't know how to deal with
they slow down.
So, now that you are all "Road Scholars" ...
(Laughter)
don't wait for that sign to be adopted, these things don't change quickly.
But you all are members of communities,
and you can exercise your community influence
to create more sensible traffic flows.
And you can have more impact on the environment
just getting your neighborhood to change these things
than by changing your vehicle. Thank you very much.
(Applause)
コツ：単語をクリックしてすぐ意味を調べられます！

読み込み中…

初級 米

【TED】ギャリー・ローダーの新たな交通標識：交互に (Gary Lauder's new traffic sign: Take Turns)

130 タグ追加 保存
このエントリーをはてなブックマークに追加
Zenn 2017 年 1 月 26 日 に公開

お気に入り

loading
お勧め動画

コメント

読み込み中…

  1. 1. クリック一つで単語を検索

    右側のスプリクトの単語をクリックするだけで即座に意味が検索できます。

  2. 2. リピート機能

    クリックするだけで同じフレーズを何回もリピート可能！

  3. 3. ショートカット

    キーボードショートカットを使うことによって勉強の効率を上げることが出来ます。

  4. 4. 字幕の表示/非表示

    日・英のボタンをクリックすることで自由に字幕のオンオフを切り替えられます。

  5. 5. 動画をブログ等でシェア

    コードを貼り付けてVoiceTubeの動画再生プレーヤーをブログ等でシェアすることが出来ます！

  6. 6. 全画面再生

    左側の矢印をクリックすることで全画面で再生できるようになります。

  1. クイズ付き動画

    リスニングクイズに挑戦！

  1. クリックしてメモを表示

  1. UrbanDictionary 俚語字典整合查詢。一般字典查詢不到你滿意的解譯，不妨使用「俚語字典」，或許會讓你有滿意的答案喔