I applied for university at a time when I was convinced

ほとんどの方は知らないでしょうが 高校生の頃

I was going to be an artist and be a sculptor.

大学に出願する時点では 将来は彫刻家になろうと

And I came from a very privileged background. I was very lucky.

心に決めていました

My family was wealthy, and my father believed in one thing,

かなり恵まれた環境に育ち とても幸運でした

and that was to give us all as much education as we wanted.

家庭は裕福で 父の教育方針は

And I announced I wanted to be a sculptor in Paris.

私の望む教育を 全て受けさせようというものでした

And he was a clever man. He sort of said,

パリに行き 彫刻家になると伝えたとき

"Well, that's OK, but you've done very well in your math SATs."

頭の切れる父はこう言いました

In fact, I'd got an 800. And he thought I did very well -- and I did, too -- in the arts:

「いいけど SAT試験の数学も優秀だったじゃないか」

this was my passion.

確かに 数学は800点満点でしたが 芸術も優秀でした

And he said "If you go to MIT," to which I had been given early admission,

大好きだったのです

"I will pay for every year you're at MIT,

早期にMITの入学許可を得ていたので 父は言いました

in graduate or undergraduate -- as much as you want --

「MITの学部や院に通う間は 毎年の授業料を払うから

I will pay for an equal number of years for you to live in Paris."

好きなだけ通えばいい

And I thought that was the best deal in town, so I accepted it immediately.

そうすれば それと同じ年数 パリでの生活費を払うよ」

And I decided that if I was good in art, and I was good in mathematics,

この上ない条件なので すぐに受け入れました

I'd study architecture, which was the blending of the two.

そこで 芸術も 数学も得意なのだから

I went and told my headmaster that, at prep school.

２つの組み合わさった建築を専攻しようと決めて

And I said to him what I was doing, that I was going to go study architecture

高校の校長に報告しに行きました

because it was art and mathematics put together.

芸術と数学の融合は建築だから

He said to me something that just went completely over my head.

大学で建築を学びたいと伝えると

He said, "You know, I like grey suits, and I like pin-striped suits,

校長は理解できない事を言ってきました

but I don't like grey pin-striped suits."

「灰色のスーツも 細縞のスーツも好きだけど

And I thought, "What a turkey this guy is," and I went off to MIT.

灰色で細縞のスーツは嫌いだな」

I studied architecture, then did a second degree in architecture,

「バカじゃないか」と思いつつ MITに進学しました

and then actually quickly realized that it wasn't architecture.

建築を学んで２年が経つと すぐに

That really, the mixing of art and science was computers,

芸術と科学の融合が建築ではないことに気づきました

and that that really was the place to bring both, and enjoyed a career doing that.

実は コンピューターだったのです これこそ

And probably, if I were to fill out Jim Citrin's scale,

まさに融合の場で 楽しみつつキャリアを積んできました

I'd put 100 percent on the side of the equation

ジム シトリンのスケールで考えれば

where you spend time making it possible for others to be creative.

他者が独創的でいられる環境を作るために

And after doing this for a long time, and the Media Lab passing the baton on,

100パーセントの時間を費やしたといえます

I thought, "Well, maybe it's time for me to do a project.

これに長年打ち込んで メディアラボの所長職を譲ってから

Something that would be important, but also something

こう考えました

that would take advantage of all of these privileges that one had."

「この特権を生かして 何か重要なプロジェクトを

And in the case of the Media Lab, knowing a lot of people,

すべき時なのではないだろうか」

knowing people who were either executives or wealthy,

メディアラボでは いろいろな人と知り合い

and also not having, in my own case, a career to worry about anymore.

重役や金持ちとも知り合いになりました

My career, I mean, I'd done my career.

私はもうキャリアのことを心配する必要はありません

Didn't have to worry about earning money.

もう十分にキャリアをやり遂げました

Didn't have to worry about what people thought about me.

お金の心配もありません

And I said, "Boy, let's really do something that takes advantage of all these features,"

他人にどう思われるか気にする必要もありませんから

and thought that if we could address education, by leveraging the children,

「この特権を生かして何か実践しよう」と決意しました

and bringing to the world the access of the computers,

子どもたちに力を貸し コンピューターを使う環境を作り

that that was really the thing we should do.

教育に活用させることができるならば

Never shown this picture before, and probably going to be sued for it.

それこそ私のやるべきことだと考えました

It's taken at three o'clock in the morning, without the permission of the company.

これは初公開の写真ですから 訴えられるかもしれません

It's about two weeks old. There they are, folks.

朝の３時に 会社の許可なしで撮りました

(Applause)

出来上がって２週間たったところです それがこちら

If you look at the picture, you'll see they're stacked up.

（拍手）

Those are conveyor belts that go around.

写真で分かると思いますが 積み上げられていますね

This is one of the conveyor belts with the thing going by,

ぐるっと周回するコンベアーベルトがあります

but then you'll see the ones up above.

こちらはパソコンが流れるコンベアーベルトの一部です

What happens is, they burn into flash memory the software,

上にもパソコンが流れていますね

and then test them for a few hours.

フラッシュメモリにソフトウエアを入れて

But you've got to have the thing moving on the assembly line, because it's constant.

数時間テストにかけているのですが

So they go around in this loop, which is why you see them up there.

止まらない製造ライン上を流しつづければいけません

So this was great for us because it was a real turning point. But it goes back.

だから上にもパソコンが流れているのです

This picture was taken in 1982, just before the IBM PC was even announced.

この実現は最高の転換点でした さて昔の話ですが

Seymour Papert and I were bringing computers to schools

これは1982年にIBMがPCを発表する直前の写真です

and developing nations at a time when it was way ahead of itself.

シーモア パパートと私は学校や途上国に

But one thing we learned was that these kids can absolutely jump into it

まだ珍しかったコンピューターを持ち込みました

just the same way as our kids do here.

すると 子どもたちがすぐにコンピューターにのめり込む

And when people tell me, "Who's going to teach the teachers to teach the kids?"

ということが分かりました アメリカの子どもと同じです

I say to myself, "What planet do you come from?"

「誰が先生を育成するんだ？」と尋ねてくる人がいると

Okay, there's not a person in this room -- I don't care how techie you are --

「コイツどの星から来たんだ？」と思わざるを得ません

there's not a person in this room that doesn't give their laptop or cell phone to a kid

皆さんの知識がどれくらいか知りませんが

to help them debug it. OK?

誰でも 若者にパソコンや携帯を渡して

We all need help, even those of us who are very seasoned.

直してもらったりするでしょう

This picture of Seymour -- 25 years ago. Seymour made a very simple

どんな年長者にも助けが必要です

observation in 1968, and then basically presented it in 1970 --

こちらは 25年前のシーモアです 彼は1968年に

April 11 to be precise -- called "Teaching Children Thinking."

ある簡単な観察記録を取って 1970年に発表しました

What he observed was that kids who write computer programs

４月11日 タイトルは 「考えることを子どもに教える」

understand things differently, and when they debug the programs,

この観察記録によれば プログラムを書く子どもは

they come the closest to learning about learning.

書かない子とは 違った考え方をします

That was very important, and in some sense, we've lost that.

デバック時には 「学習」を学習するような経験をします

Kids don't program enough and boy,

とても重要なのに最近では経験する機会がありません

if there's anything I hope this brings back, it's programming to kids.

プログラミング経験が不足しています

It's really important. Using applications is OK,

ぜひ 子どもたちにプログラミングをしてほしいのです

but programming is absolutely fundamental.

とても重要です アプリケーションを使うのもいいですが

This is being launched with three languages in it: Squeak, Logo, and

プログラミングを教えることこそ必要です

a third, that I've never even seen before.

まず ３つの言語から始めました スクイークと ロゴと

The point being, this is going to be very, very intensive on the programming side.

３つ目は聞いたこともない言語です

This photograph is very important because it's much later.

プログラミング機能を ぐっと強化しているのが特徴です

This is in the early 2000s. My son, Dimitri -- who's here,

こちらはずっと最近の 重要な意味のある写真です

many of you know Dimitri -- went to Cambodia, set up this school

2000年から2003年頃で 息子のディミトリーもいます

that we had built, just as the school connected it to the Internet.

カンボジアに建設した学校に ネットがつながった頃

And these kids had their laptops. But it was really what spirited this,

ご存知のように ディミトリーが学校運営を始めて

plus the influence of Joe and others. We started One Laptop per Child.

子どもたちがラップトップを手にしたのです

This is the same village in Cambodia, just a couple of months ago.

夢見たこの光景や ジョーらの影響こそ「子供に1人1台ラップトップ」計画のきっかけでした

These kids are real pros. There were just 7,000 machines out there

こちらはこの村の２か月ほど前の写真です

being tested by kids. Being a nonprofit is absolutely fundamental.

子どもたちがプロ並みに 7000台をテストしています

Everybody advised me not to be a nonprofit, but they were all wrong.

非営利であることは間違いなく重要です

And the reason being a nonprofit is important is actually twofold.

誰もが 非営利はダメと言ってきたのですが 間違いです

There are many reasons, but the two that merit the little bit of time is:

非営利が重要だと考える本質的な理由は２つです

one, the clarity of purpose is there. The moral purpose is clear.

たくさんありますが重要なのは２つです

I can see any head of state, any executive I want, at any time, because

まず目的が明確なこと 道徳上の目的が明確なのです

I'm not selling laptops. OK? I have no shareholders.

あらゆる国の首脳や高官に いつでも会えるのは

Whether we sell, it doesn't make any difference whatsoever.

ラップトップを売らないからです 株主もいませんから

The clarity of purpose is absolutely critical. And the second is very counterintuitive --

売ろうが売るまいが全く関係ありません

you can get the best people in the world.

目的の明確さは重要です 次の理由は直観に反しますが

If you look at our professional services, including search firms,

世界有数の人材が集まることです

including communications, including legal services, including banking,

調査事業　通信事業　法務　銀行業といった

they're all pro bono. And it's not to save money.

専門サービスを すべて無償で実現していますが

We've got money in the bank. It's because you get the best people.

お金を節約するためではありません

You get the people who are doing it because they believe in the mission,

銀行にお金はあります 優秀な人材がいるからです

and they're the best people.

使命感をもって自ら適任と考えてこの仕事をする人材が

We couldn't afford to hire a CFO. We put out a job description for a CFO at zero salary,

いるのです

and we had a queue of people.

財務担当役員の給料は払えないので 無給で募集したら

It allows you to team up with people. The U.N.'s not going to be

応募者が殺到しました

our partner if we're profit making. So announcing this with Kofi Annan

非営利であれば協力が得やすくなります

was very important, and the U.N. allowed us

営利目的なら国連も協力しようとは考えなかったでしょう

to basically reach all the countries. And this was the machine we were showing

アナン事務総長とこれを共同発表できたのは貴重でした

before I met Yves Behar.

国連のおかげで 概ねどんな国とも連絡がとれました

And while this machine in some sense is silly,

デザイナーのイヴ べアールが手伝う前のデザインです

in retrospect, it actually served a very important purpose.

おかしなデザインにも見えますが 振り返ってみると

That pencil-yellow crank was remembered by everybody.

かなり貢献してくれました

Everybody remembered the pencil-yellow crank. It's different.

細くて黄色いL字ハンドルを皆さん覚えているのです

It was getting its power in a different way. It's kind of childlike.

特徴的なので このハンドルを誰も忘れたりしません

Even though this wasn't the direction we went because the crank --

少し変わった電力供給手段です 子どもっぽいですね

it really is stupid to have it on board, by the way.

このハンドルが問題になって変えましたけど

In spite of what some people in the press don't get it, didn't understand it,

付いていたら確かにおかしいですね

we didn't take it off because we didn't want to do --

一部の報道陣には理解できないようでしたが

having it on the laptop itself is really not what you want.

方向性が気に入らなくて取り外したわけではありません

You want a separate thing, like the AC adaptor.

ハンドルは ラップトップ本体に無いほうがいいのです

I didn't bring one with me, but they really work much better off-board.

ＡＣアダプターみたいに取り外せたほうがいいのです

And then, I could tell you lots about the laptop, but I decided on just four things.

ここにはありませんが 本体から外すと使いやすいのです

Just keep in mind -- because there are other people, including Bill Gates,

言いたいことは山ほどあるのですが 四つに絞りましょう

who said, "Gee, you've got a real computer."

心に留めておいてください 皆さん ビル ゲイツでさえ

That computer is unlike anything you've had, and does things --

「すごいね まさに真のパソコンだ」と言うのですから

there are four of them --

このパソコンは従来品とは全く違っています

that you don't come close to. And it's very important to be low power,

その中の四つの違いをあげましょう

and I hope that's picked up more by the industry.

馴染みがないでしょう まず低消費電力が重要です

That the reason that you want to be below two watts is

企業でも もっと取り組んでほしいですね

that's roughly what you can generate with your upper body.

「２ワット以下」にしたい理由は

Dual-mode display -- that sunlight display's fantastic.

上半身で生み出せるのが そのぐらいの電力だからです

We were using it at lunch today in the sunlight, and the more sunlight the better.

太陽光を利用する「２方式ディスプレー」も素晴らしい

And that was really critical. The mesh network, it'll become commonplace.

今日の昼に使ってみましたが 日差しは強いほどいいです

And of course, "rugged" goes without saying.

いずれ普及する「メッシュネットワーク」は必須です

And the reason I think design matters isn't because I wanted to go to art school.

そして 「頑丈」なのは当然です

And by the way, when I graduated from MIT,

芸術志望だったからデザインを重要視するわけではなくて

I thought the worst and silliest thing to do would be to go to Paris for six years. (Laughter)

ちなみにMIT卒業時には パリに６年住むなんて 最悪で

So, I didn't do that. But design matters for a number of reasons.

ばかげた選択に思えたので

The most important being that it is the best way to make an inexpensive product.

止めましたが いくつかの理由からデザインは重要です

Most people make inexpensive products by taking cheap design,

一番の理由は 製品を安く作るための最善策だからです

cheap labor, cheap components, and making a cheap laptop.

たいてい 製造費を抑えようと デザイン料を安くして

And, in English, the word "cheap" has

安い労働力や部品を調達して 安いラップトップを作ります

a double meaning, which is really appropriate,

英語では「安い」という言葉には

because it's cheap, in the pejorative sense, as well as inexpensive.

裏の意味があって これがぴったり当てはまります

But if you take a different approach, and you think of very large-scale integration,

つまり安いだけでなく 安っぽいのです

very advanced materials, very advanced manufacturing --

ですが 見方を変えて 大規模な意味での統合を図って

so you're pouring chemicals in one end, iPods are spewing out the other --

最先端の材料や 最先端の製造設備を使うことにしたら

and really cool design, that's what we wanted to do.

材料を投入すれば iPodが出てきます

And I can race through these and save a lot of time because

格好いい製品が手に入ります これをやりたかったのです

Yves and I obviously didn't compare notes.

このスライドは飛ばしましょう

These are his slides, and so I don't have to talk about them.

イヴと発表内容を突き合わせていなかったのですが

But it was really, to us, very important as a strategy.

彼が発表しますので 私が説明しなくてもいいでしょう

It wasn't just to kind of make it cute, because somebody --

いずれにしろデザインは戦略的にとても重要です

you know, good design is very important.

単にかわいく見せたいからではなく

Yves showed one of the power-generating devices.

良いデザインが重要だからです

The mesh network, the reason I -- and I won't go into it in great detail --

これは発電装置の一つです

but when we deliver laptops to kids in the remotest and poorest parts of the world,

メッシュネットワークについて 簡単に説明しますと

they're connected. There's not just laptops.

世界一辺ぴな貧困地域で ラップトップ同士が通信します

And so, we have to drop in satellite dishes. We put in generators.

ラップトップが複数おいてあるだけではないのです

It's a lot of stuff that goes behind these. These can talk to each other.

パラボラアンテナや発電機を設置する必要もありました

If you're in a desert, they can talk to each other about two kilometers apart.

舞台裏で稼働しているこれらは 相互に通信できます

If you're in the jungle, it's about 500 meters. So if a kid bicycles home,

砂漠では ２キロ離れていても通信できますが

or walks a few miles, they're going to be off the grid, so to speak.

ジャングルでは約500メートルですから 子どもたちが

They're not going to be near another laptop,

自転車で出かけたり数キロ歩くとメッシュから外れます

so you have to nail these onto a tree, and sort of, get it.

つまり別のラップトップが近くに存在しないので

You don't call Verizon or Sprint. You build your own network.

これを木に設置して中継させます

And that's very important, the user interface.

ネットワークは 通信会社に依頼せず 自分で構築します

We are launching with 18 keyboards. English is by far the minority.

そして重要なのが ユーザーインターフェースです

Latin is relatively rare, too. You just look at some of the languages.

キーボードは18言語を用意します 英語は少数派ですし

I'm willing to suspect some of you hadn't even heard of them before.

ラテン語も比較的少数派なのです

Is there anybody in the room, one person, unless you work with OLPC,

中には皆さんの知らない言語もきっとあると思います

is there anybody in the room that can tell me what language

OLPCプロジェクトの関係者以外で どなたか

the keyboard is that's on the screen? There's only one hand -- so you get it.

このキーボードの言語が分かりますか？

Yes, you're right. He's right. It's Amharic,

一人だけのようですので どうぞ

it's Ethiopian. In Ethiopia, there's never been a keyboard.

その通り アムハラ語です エチオピアの言葉です

There is no keyboard standard because there's no market.

これまでエチオピアにはキーボードが存在しませんでした

And this is the big difference.

市場がないので キーボードの規格もありませんでした

Again, when you're a nonprofit, you look at children as a mission, not as a market.

ですからこれは大きな変化もたらします

So we went to Ethiopia, and we helped them make a keyboard.

非営利なので子どもは市場ではなく使命の対象となります

And this will become the standard Ethiopian keyboard.

ですから エチオピアでキーボード製作を手伝ったのです

So what I want to end with is sort of what we're doing to roll it out.

これがエチオピアの標準的なキーボードになるはずです

And we changed strategy completely. I decided at the beginning --

最後に プロジェクト拡大に向けて何をしているか話します

it was a pretty good thing to decide in the beginning,

実は 当初と戦略が全く変わっています

it's not what we're doing now -- is to go to six countries.

当初の決定としてはかなり良いものだったのですが

Big countries, one of them is not so big, but it's rich.

今とは違って ６か国を訪問していました

Here's the six. We went to the six,

大きな国々です 一か国は大きくはないが裕福です

and in each case the head of state said he would do it, he'd do a million.

この６か国です この国々を訪れると

In the case of Gaddafi, he'd do 1.2 million, and that they would launch it.

どの首脳も協力的で 100万台買うと言ってくれました

We thought, this is exactly the right strategy, get it out,

リビアのカダフィー大佐は120万台を約束してくれました

and then the little countries could sort of piggyback on these big countries.

私たちはこれが正しい戦略だと考え これをやれば

And so I went to each of those countries

小国も追随すると思っていました

at least six times, met with the head of state probably two or three times.

ですから この６か国を最低６回は訪問して

In each case, got the ministers, went through a lot of the stuff.

首脳たちにも２回か３回は会いました

This was a period in my life where I was traveling 330 days per year.

いつも大臣に会って 検討もいろいろとしました

Not something you'd envy or want to do.

この時は １年の330日 世界を飛び回っていました

In the case of Libya, it was a lot of fun meeting Gaddafi in his tent.

うらやましくもないでしょうし やってみたくもないでしょう

The camel smells were unbelievable.

カダフィー大佐とテントで話したときはとても楽しくて

And it was 45 degrees C. I mean, this was not

でも ラクダの臭いはきつかったですね

what you'd call a cool experience. And former countries --

摂氏45度でしたから 決してクールな経験とは言えません

I say former, because none of them really came through this summer --

以前相手していた国々は いずれも

there was a big difference between getting a head of state

この夏が終わっても購入してもらえませんでした

to have a photo opportunity, make a press release.

首脳に会って写真を撮ることと 報道発表に至ることとは

So we went to smaller ones. Uruguay, bless their hearts.

大きく違うのです

Small country, not so rich. President said he'd do it, and guess what?

そこで 小さい国々を回ることにました ウルグアイもそう

He did do it. The tender had nothing in it that related to us,

小国でさほど裕福でないのに 大統領はやると言い

nothing specific about sunlight-readable, mesh-network, low-power,

本当にやってくれました 太陽光の下で見えることや

but just a vanilla laptop proposal.

メッシュネットワークや 低消費電力の説明をしなくても

And guess what? We won it hands down.

単にラップトップについて提案しただけで

When it was announced that they were going to do every child in Uruguay,

あっさりと引き受けてくれたのです

the first 100,000, boom, went to OLPC.

ウルグアイの子ども全員に支給すると発表して

The next day -- the next day, not even 24 hours had passed -- in Peru,

いきなり10万個の注文がOLPCに来ました

the president of Peru said, "We'll do 250." And boom, a little domino effect.

その翌日というか 24時間もたたないうちに ペルーから

The president of Rwanda stepped in and said he would do it.