the stage of the big hall in the Philharmonie in Berlin.

ベルリンフィルの 大ホールのステージにいます

And I've been asked to do a mini, mini master class for the

これはYouTubeシンフォニー オーケストラに

horn players who are applying to be part of the YouTube

応募する ホルン奏者のための

Symphony Orchestra.

小さな小さな

It's got to be a mini, mini master class I'm afraid, but

マスタークラスです

I'm hoping that some of the things I can say might be of

ここでの話が オーディションの準備に

some help while preparing for the audition.

役立つことを 願っています

The excerpt I chose is the fourth horn solo from

取り上げる抜粋は 第4ホルンのソロ

Beethoven's Ninth Symphony because it looks on paper maybe

ベートーヴェンの交響曲 第9番です

to be the most uninteresting of all the solos.

これは譜面では最も 退屈なソロですが

But it in addition, it's quite hard to play because you stand

オーディションでの 演奏は大変です

on stage or you're sitting at home in your living room and

どんな場所で 演奏する場合でも

you have to convince the audience or the jury that it's

聴衆や審査員に対して

not just a bunch of long notes but that you hear that there

ただのロングノートの 連続ではなく

are woodwinds playing with you, and you make some sort of music

木管楽器と一緒に 音楽を演奏していると

out of this long, long passage.

思わせる必要があるのです

Standing here I just remembered the last time I stood on this

私が前回このステージで これを演奏したのは

stage and played this excerpt was in my own audition

このオーケストラでの 私自身の

for this orchestra.

オーディションでした

So yeah, it's bringing back a lot of memories.

いろいろなことが 思い出されます

So let's start.

では始めましょう

You all have the music.

楽譜はありますね

I have the music in front of me.

私の前にもあります

And I was thinking about a tempo, there are all sorts of

テンポですが この曲のテンポは多様で

different tempos for this piece-- it says adagio, I

これには アダージョとあります

thought maybe the average tempo taken from the few conductors

私が知る 平均的なテンポ

that I've played it with would be about quarter

指揮者の平均は 4分音符が

note equals 52.

52前後でした

So that might be some sort of a basis for you to

これを参考に メトロノームで

practice with a metronome.

練習してください

The other thing is to make sure you know the score

0:01:54.820,0:01:56.890 それから 楽譜と現在の進行を

and now what's going on.

把握しておきます

This whole pot is a dialogue between the two clarinets,

ここは全体が対話で 楽器は2つのクラリネットと

the bassoon, and the horn.

ファゴットとホルンです

The horn is sometimes in accompaniment, the horn is

ホルンが 伴奏に回る時と

sometimes a solo instrument, and you need to show that you

ソロの時とで 違いがわかるように

know that in the audition part.

オーディションで吹いてください

So with a dry mouth, having spoken to much, I'll try and

話しすぎて 口が渇いてきたので

play a bit of it for you.

演奏します

[horn being played]

0:02:20.560,0:02:49.200 [ホルンの演奏]

Here comes the bar you're all waiting for.

さて 問題は次ですね

This next bar I have a little tip that has always helped

この次で 私がいつもやることを

me, maybe it will help you.

教えましょう

To play the low notes-- they have to sound just as easy as

低い音を 他の音と同じように

all the other notes and for a lot of us they're

響かせるのは 多くの奏者が

quite a struggle.

苦労することです

My tip would be to open up the hand for the low notes,

私は低い音の時に 手を広げます

otherwise they sound a little bit muffled.

でないと音が 少しこもります

Like this--

こんな風に

[horn being played]

[ホルンの演奏]

Also the F have to be sharp enough, it's often very flat.

Fは鋭くします 平坦ではいけません

So the more you open up the hand, the sharper it'll get.

手を広げれば それだけ鋭くなります

After the F there comes the jump up to the F above

Fの次は 上のFまで上げて

and the C sharp.

そしてCシャープです

A good conductor should wait for you to get up there,

良い指揮者は 待てますが

but he won't wait all day.

限度があります

So in the audition you need to take a tiny bit of time,

オーディションでも なるべく間を空けずに

but still get up there.

そこまで上げましょう

So--

つまり

[horn being played]

[ホルンの演奏]

That whole passage as you know is mainly horn solo.

ここは全体が 主にホルンのソロです

You have the clarinets and a flute comes and weaves around,

クラリネットとフルートも 入りますが

but that whole passage can be played out a little bit

全体的に 主張できます

more and the crescendos, diminuendos very expressive.

クレッシェンドや ディミヌエンドも強調します

Then you have the long F to hold before the biggest

次にFのロングトーンで その後にこの抜粋の

solo of the excerpt.

最大のソロです

This long F is time to just sort of gather your

このFの間に 頭を整理して

thoughts, stop your beating heart, whatever.

心を落ち着かせます

But still, keep the triplets of the violins going while

ただし ヴァイオリンも意識しつつ

you hold out this note.

音をのばしましょう

They're going dah, dah, dah, dah, dah, dah, dah, dah,

この3連です ダダダ、ダダダ

dah, dah, dah, dah.

ダダダ、ダダダ

It helps.

これを聴きます

I just find it helps to keep the concentration.

集中力の 助けになるでしょう

And then comes the one bar that says solo.

次にソロと 書いてある所です

It's maybe the biggest fourth horn solo in

レパートリーのうち 第4ホルン最大の

the whole repertoire.

ソロだと思います

And you can do this how you want.

思うように 吹きましょう

Some people play it with a little slur in it.

スラーを 加える人もいます

Some people play it tongued.

タンギングする人も

Some people do a huge ritardando, rubato,

大きくリタルダンドする人も ルバートする人もいます

however you feel.

自由ですが

But whatever it is it's got to be convincing.

なんであれ説得力が 必要です

How I like to play it is like this:

私はこういう風に 吹きます

[horn being played]

[ホルンの演奏]

The last two bars obviously aren't solo anymore, but the

最後2小節は ソロではないですが

crescendo is there and you'll impress a jury if you show

クレッシェンドで 次に続く感じを出せば

them you know that's leading in to the next passage.

審査員に良い印象を 与えられます

OK, now for something completely different, and even

ガラリと変わって 次です

though I'm a low horn player, and maybe I shouldn't be giving

私は低音担当なので 適任かわかりませんが

tips about Till Eulenspiegel.

ティル・オイレンシュピーゲルです

I sit next to a lot of solo horns who've

私は隣に座って 多くのソロを

played this in my time.

聴いてきましたので

And maybe a couple of tips, you of course, can hear this solo

いくつか助言はできますが もちろん

on thousands of recordings and there are different

さまざまな音源を聴いて 多くの方法があることが

ways to play it.

わかりますね

A couple of tips for me would be to really make sure that

私のヒントは シュトラウスの意図に沿って

you do what Strauss wanted.

演奏することです

For example, the beginning of Till Eulenspiegel

たとえば この曲の冒頭は

it says gemachlich.

「ゲメーヒリヒ」です

That means leisurely in English or sort of taking your time.

気楽にのんびりと という意味です

And what Strauss meant was Till Eulenspiegel was a really--

シュトラウスの描く オイレンシュピーゲルは

he was a real scoundrel.

ろくでなしです

He was a very naughty guy and he caused a lot of trouble.

いたずら好きで 問題をよく起こしました

And this was his first appearance in the piece.

これは彼の 最初の登場場面です

When this theme appears it's always representing

このテーマが鳴ると かならず

Till Eulenspiegel.

彼が登場します

This is his first appearance and he's not quite sure-- he's

最初の登場では 彼はおそるおそる

sort of sticking his head out and seeing if the

頭を出して 周囲を

coast is clear.

観察しています

It would be nice to play it a little bit like that because

それを演奏で 表現しましょう

when it comes to the second time he's more self assured and

2度目の登場で 彼は少し

he's showing what he can do.

自信をつけています

So really take it seriously what Strauss says and play the

シュトラウスの意図を しっかり受け止めて

beginning a little bit leisurely, a little bit sort of

冒頭は少しのんきに 周囲を確かめる様子を

looking out to see if the coast is clear.

表すように 演奏しましょう

And gradually, getting more lively and getting more

そして少しずつ 強気になる様子を

confidence as it goes on.

表現していきます

I'm going to try and play it even though

演奏してみます

I'm a low horn player.

低音担当なので

When else do I have the opportunity to play this?

こんな時しか 演奏することはありません

[horn being played]

0:07:23.602,0:07:41.330 [ホルンの演奏]

A tip would be, also like I said in the Beethoven Ninth for

ヒントとしては 第9で話したように

the last two notes-- the G and the C-- is to open the hand a

最後のGとCでは 手を少し開きます

little bit more because it just makes the low notes a lot

すると低音が 少しはっきりします

clearer and just be careful they're not

鋭すぎるのは

too sharp of course.

いけませんが

But it really does help in the low range to

低い音域は この方法で

play a bit more open.

響かせることができます

So that was Till.

以上です

Those were my ideas for Till and I wish you all the best,

私のヒントが 役に立つと幸いです

and looking forward to hearing all the different versions.

皆さんの演奏を 楽しみにしています