Name: 英文法を学ぶ：形容詞節（相対節）を学ぶ (Learn English Grammar: The Adjective Clause (Relative Clause))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:54:31.000Z
Duration: 20 min 59 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

In today's lesson we're going to look at the adjective clause.

Now, this is a dependent clause, and if you're not sure what the difference between dependent

or independent clause, you can check out my video about the independent clause and my

In this lesson we're going to dive a little bit deeper into this particular dependent

Different grammar books, and some of you will see this called the relative clause.

Relative clause, adjective clause, same thing.

Different books like to call them different things. Okay?

Now, the first thing to remember about an adjective clause before we look at the actual

structure of it, the full clause is essentially an adjective.

Although it's a clause, means it has a subject, and a verb, and maybe some modifiers - the

whole piece, the whole clause together works like an adjective.

So, because it works like an adjective: What does that mean?

It means that it's giving you some information about a noun somewhere in the sentence.

You could have many nouns in a sentence, you could have many adjective clauses in a sentence.

There's no limit to how many you can have, although try not to have too many in one sentence

because the sentence becomes very bulky, not a very good sentence.

First of all, we have two types of adjective clause.

We have a defining adjective clause, which means that it's basically pointing to the

noun and telling you something necessary about the noun.

Without the adjective clause, the noun is incomplete.

I don't know what it is, I don't know what it's doing, etc.

The second adjective clause is the modifying, means it is not necessary but we put it in

to give a little bit of extra information about the noun.

So it's like an adjective that just gives you a little bit more description about the noun.

Two things to remember: The defining noun.

Now, one of the biggest questions about adjective clauses is: Do I use a comma or do I not use a comma?

For defining adjective clauses, no comma.

For modifying, like the extra information, the ones that you could actually take out

and the sentence is still okay, use a comma.

We're going to look at examples and understand this more.

Now, another thing to know about adjective clauses: They all begin with a relative pronoun.

This is basically the conjunction of the clause.

Now, some of these can be also the subject of the clause, which means it will agree with

"That", "which", and "who" can be both the conjunction and the subject.

These ones: "whom", "whose", "when", "where", and "why" cannot be the subject of the clause;

only the relative pronoun, only the conjunction of the clause.

Now, in many cases, "that" can also be removed, but we're going to look at that separately.

So, let's look at some examples to get an idea.

Independent clause means it's a complete idea, it stands by itself as a sentence, it doesn't

That man, that man, the man across the street?

So this sentence, although it's grammatically complete, is technically, in terms of meaning,

incomplete because I don't know who this man is.

So you can think of defining or identifying.

Okay? I want to point specifically to one man because I have "the man".

So here's one way we can do it: "The man who lives next door"-"who lives next door"

So, again, I still have my independent clause: "The man is a doctor", but now I have my adjective,

my identifying adjective clause telling me who the man is.

Now, because I need this, I need this clause to identify, to define this man amongst all

the possible men, then there's no comma here if you'll notice.

And "who" is also the subject of the clause.

Now, before I continue: What's the difference between "who" and "whom"?

"Who" can be a subject, "whom" can only be an object.

If you see "whom" beginning an adjective clause, there must be a separate subject in that clause,

Same with these: "whose", "when", "where", and "why" all must have a separate subject

So now, I've identified the man, now I have a complete sentence with complete meaning.

Let's look at this example: "Dr. Smith, who lives next door, is a retired surgeon."

Well, let me go back to my red pen, here.

Here you'll notice I have a comma and a comma.

It means that "who lives next door" is just extra information.

Complete, doesn't need any more information.

I want to give you a little bit of information, tell you where he lives.

Now, you're thinking: "Well, why don't I need to identify him?"

Dr. Smith, I've already identified him by saying who, Dr. Smith.

That's the person, that's his name, that's his honorific.

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英文法を学ぶ：形容詞節（相対節）を学ぶ (Learn English Grammar: The Adjective Clause (Relative Clause))

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