Name: Elon Musk: The Future we're building and-- Boring (Ted Talk - April 2017)
Uploaded: 2017-05-02T06:20:52.000Z
Duration: 40 min 55 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

Chris Anderson: Elon, hey, welcome back to

0:15 Elon Musk: Thanks for having me. CA: So, in the next half hour or so, we're

going to spend some time exploring your vision for what an exciting future might look like,

which I guess makes the first question a little ironic: Why are you boring?

We're trying to dig a hole under LA, and this is to create the beginning of what will hopefully

be a 3D network of tunnels to alleviate congestion.

So right now, one of the most soul-destroying things is traffic.

It affects people in every part of the world.

CA: I think you've brought with you the first visualization that's been shown of this.

So this is the first time — Just to show what we're talking about.

So a couple of key things that are important in having a 3D tunnel network.

First of all, you have to be able to integrate the entrance and exit of the tunnel seamlessly

So by having an elevator, sort of a car skate, that's on an elevator, you can integrate the

entrance and exits to the tunnel network just by using two parking spaces.

There's no speed limit here, so we're designing this to be able to operate at 200 kilometers

EM: 200 kilometers an hour, or about 130 miles

So you should be able to get from, say, Westwood to LAX in six minutes — five, six minutes.

CA: So possibly, initially done, it's like

CA: Which, I guess, alleviates some traffic

EM: So, I don't know if people noticed it

in the video, but there's no real limit to how many levels of tunnel you can have.

You can go much further deep than you can go up.

The deepest mines are much deeper than the tallest buildings are tall, so you can alleviate

any arbitrary level of urban congestion with a 3D tunnel network.

So a key rebuttal to the tunnels is that if you add one layer of tunnels, that will simply

alleviate congestion, it will get used up, and then you'll be back where you started,

But you can go to any arbitrary number of tunnels, any number of levels.

CA: But people — seen traditionally, it's

incredibly expensive to dig, and that would block this idea.

To give you an example, the LA subway extension, which is — I think it's a two-and-a-half

mile extension that was just completed for two billion dollars.

So it's roughly a billion dollars a mile to do the subway extension in LA.

And this is not the highest utility subway in the world.

So yeah, it's quite difficult to dig tunnels normally.

I think we need to have at least a tenfold improvement in the cost per mile of tunneling.

3:47 EM: Actually, if you just do two things, you

can get to approximately an order of magnitude improvement, and I think you can go beyond

So the first thing to do is to cut the tunnel diameter by a factor of two or more.

So a single road lane tunnel according to regulations has to be 26 feet, maybe 28 feet

in diameter to allow for crashes and emergency vehicles and sufficient ventilation for combustion

But if you shrink that diameter to what we're attempting, which is 12 feet, which is plenty

to get an electric skate through, you drop the diameter by a factor of two and the cross-sectional

area by a factor of four, and the tunneling cost scales with the cross-sectional area.

So that's roughly a half-order of magnitude improvement right there.

Then tunneling machines currently tunnel for half the time, then they stop, and then the

rest of the time is putting in reinforcements for the tunnel wall.

So if you design the machine instead to do continuous tunneling and reinforcing, that

will give you a factor of two improvement.

Combine that and that's a factor of eight.

Also these machines are far from being at their power or thermal limits, so you can

jack up the power to the machine substantially.

I think you can get at least a factor of two, maybe a factor of four or five improvement

So I think there's a fairly straightforward series of steps to get somewhere in excess

of an order of magnitude improvement in the cost per mile, and our target actually is

— we've got a pet snail called Gary, this is from Gary the snail from "South Park,"

5:30 So Gary is capable of — currently he's capable

of going 14 times faster than a tunnel-boring machine.

5:48 He's not a patient little fellow, and that

5:56 CA: But a lot of people imagining, dreaming

about future cities, they imagine that actually the solution is flying cars, drones, etc.

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Elon Musk: The Future we're building and-- Boring (Ted Talk - April 2017)

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