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  • You guys, this is crazy, but scientists have created a whole new kind of matter- Yeah,

  • time crystals are here!

  • Hey there time bandits, it’s Trace for DNews.

  • Physicists have created a new form of matter called TIME CRYSTALS!

  • No, it’s not the time crystals you may have seen on Rick and Morty.

  • These time crystals have properties we haven’t seen in other matter.

  • Usually, matter is motionless at its resting state and only has potential energy until

  • kinetic energy is introduced to it.

  • For example, a ball at rest is chock-full ofpotential energy’, and when it’s

  • kicked, that energy is converted tokinetic energy’, the energy of motion.

  • But time crystals actually move at theirresting stateor theirground state’ — that’s

  • when atoms have the lowest amount of energy.

  • Theyre like a ball that is forever in motion.

  • In other words, they are always unstable, down to the atomic level.

  • They are the first non-equilibrium matter ever created!

  • Regular crystals are an arrangement of atoms in repeated three dimensional patterns, called

  • a lattice.

  • The patterns are duplicated through space, whereas time crystals duplicate their patterns

  • through space AND time.

  • They are essentially 4 dimensional crystals!

  • The concept of time crystals was first theorized by Nobel Prize winner Frank Wilczek in 2012.

  • He surmised that there could be hypothetical matter that could move periodically even while

  • in a ‘ground state’.

  • In theory, the time crystals could move without the application of energy because they would

  • be designed to be inherently unstable, breaking the symmetry of time, resulting in atoms that

  • are in perpetual motion.

  • Once the theory of time crystals was out in the ether, researchers focused on coming up

  • with methods to create this new matter that could break time symmetry.

  • A blueprint was created and posted online in August 2016.

  • The author called his paper, quote, "the bridge between the theoretical idea and the experimental

  • implementation".

  • Two teams, one from University of Maryland and one from Harvard, took the basicblueprint

  • of how to make time crystals and got to work.

  • Both teams were successful but used different methods to achieve the same results.

  • The University of Maryland created their time crystals with a line of 10 ytterbium (it-er-be-um)

  • ions.

  • Within these ions, the spins of their electrons were entangled.

  • The researchersgoal was to interrupt the ionsnormal equilibrium.

  • To do this, they used two lasers, one to flip the ions and a second laser to create a magnetic

  • field.

  • The first laser flipped ions over, causing them to interact with other ions, making them

  • flip over, all within the magnetic field created by the second laser.

  • This process continued until all the ions were oscillating, or spinning.

  • This was considered normal behavior for a regular crystal, but researchers noticed something

  • strange.

  • As the lasers continued to nudge the ions, they realized that the ions were now reacting

  • more frequently than they were being nudged.

  • According to researcher Norman Yao, this is like jiggling jello and having it move when

  • you weren’t poking it.

  • Researchers had essentially broke the time symmetry and created a new form of non-equilibrium

  • matter that continued moving at itsground state’!

  • Voila!

  • A time crystal!

  • Researchers at Harvard went about creating their time crystal differently.

  • Instead of ytterbium ions, they used nitrogen vacancy centers, which are certain impurities

  • found in diamonds.

  • And instead of using lasers, Harvard researchers used microwaves to cause the ions in the diamonds

  • to flip and oscillate.

  • Different method, same result: time crystals.

  • This new form of matter could lead to future breakthroughs in quantum computing and understanding

  • the various forms matter can ultimately take.

  • Researchers have also remarked that their creation of time crystals is evidence that

  • time symmetry can be broken and that non-equilibrium matter CAN exist.

  • If you want to know more about quantum computing, check out Crystal’s video on quantum computers

  • here!

  • Let us know down in the comments what you think about time crystals, if they blow your

  • mind a little bit, make sure you subscribe for more DNews and thanks for watching.

You guys, this is crazy, but scientists have created a whole new kind of matter- Yeah,

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四次元に存在する新しい物質の形がある! (There's A New Form Of Matter That Exists In Four Dimensions!)

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    李柏毅 に公開 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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