But then, something changed. And in an incredibly short amount of time

しかしある時変化が起き

We terraformed this planet and designed it to fit our needs.

驚くべき早さで

As far as we know, we're the first beings to awaken and completely take over a planet.

人は地球を便利に改造していった

The transition from hunting and gathering, to farming and building, was so breathtakingly fast that many of our ways of thinking about the world are no longer useful.

目覚めた最初の存在は

One of our most outdated ideas is that the most commonly used calendar in the world insists that we live in the year of 2016.

瞬く間に惑星を覆った

This distorts our view of our own history, and makes it harder to understand who we are as a species.

狩猟採集から農耕への移行は劇的で

and just how far we have come in an incredibly short amount of time.

世界に対する概念も大きく変わった

so maybe it's time to choose a Year Zero for humanity

最も現代的な概念の一つは暦であり

A Year Zero that truly represents us as a species and includes all cultures,

今が2016年だと言っている

a Year Zero that marks when we began building our new world on top of the old one.

が これは歴史観を

[ Kurzgesagt intro ]

歪んだものにしてしまう

Twelve thousand years ago hundreds of humans came together in the hills of southern Anatolia.

種としての時間はもっと長いのだ

They were hunters and gatherers without the knowledge of agriculture or metalworking.

今こそ真の０年を決めるべきだろう

All they had were tools made of stone and wood,

それは種として

but they built humanity's first big construction project

真に人間的な歴史が始まった年

seven thousand years before the pyramids were built in Egypt.

私たち人類が自らの世界を

Spread over 300 meters our ancestors erected circles of massive stone pillars, each of

作り始めた年だ

them up to 6 meters high and 40 tons in weight.

"最初の神殿"

Decorated with art for pictograms and stone carvings of animals and mythical creatures.

１万2000年前 南アナトリアの丘に

We have no idea how they were able to do this.

集落があった

It was probably a project of epic scale for the Stone Age, requiring a level of organization we didn't know

狩りで暮らし 農耕の知識はなかった

early humans were capable of until we found this site.

道具は石と木でできていた

So, why did they build it?

だがここで最初の建築が始まった

The most popular theory is that this was the first temple of humanity dedicated to long-forgotten Gods.

ピラミッドより7000年も前のことだ

We only know that this construction project, the first-of-its-kind marks the beginning of a new era.

周囲300メートルに柱を並べ

It's in this area, around that time, that humans truly began to build their own world.

その上に石を乗せた

Which would make it a fitting milestone in our history, for the start of our calendar.

６メートルの高さに 40トンの石を

This moment in time is so distinct, that scientist Cesare Emiliani proposed that humanity

石には動物や神話の装飾が施された

should switch to what he called the Holocene calendar, by adding ten thousand years to our current Gregorian calendar.

どうやったのかは不明だが

We don't need to change our well-established days and months,

石器時代にしては大規模な

and religious calendars could stay the same as well.

組織だったもので

But for all official purposes, our current year will be the year twelve thousand and sixteen of the human era.

この発見で人類の能力は見直された

This would drastically alter how we think about history, and how it feels.

なぜ作ったのか？

Let's take a very brief look, and move through our new history, from our New Year Zero.

有力なのはこれは神殿だという説だ

12,000 years ago saw the beginning of the first construction project, kicking off our history.

ここで神に捧げ物をした

It would be in use for about 2,000 years.

人類の最初の建造物であり

It took nearly a millennium until Jericho, probably the first city on Earth,

新時代の象徴である

was founded in the year 1000 after the start of the human era.

この時期 この周辺から

Progress was still very, very, slow at this point. Over the next thousand years more and more

人は自らの世界を作り始めた

permanent settlements appeared around the world,

歴史の始まりとして

and more and more plants and animals were domesticated as agriculture spread.

ふさわしい地点だろう

Evidence for trade over thousands of kilometers has been found from this period.

この時期は特徴的で

Around five million humans were alive at this point in history, fewer than live in London today

ある科学者は

Technology advanced constantly, at a slow pace.

世界の新しい暦への変更を提案した

Pottery became widespread.

今の暦に１万年加えよう と

The first cultural communities appeared in China, India, and the Fertile Crescent.

日付や月は変えずに

Around the Year 4000, 8,000 years ago from today, humans started to use metal for the first time,

宗教的暦と同じままでいい

learning to mix tin and copper and kick-starting what we know as the Bronze Age around the year 5000.

その人類に普遍な暦で言えば

The first proto-writing emerged, and the wheel was invented.

今年は12016年だ

In South America, the Chinchorro culture started to artificially mummify humans,

これは私たちの歴史観を

2,000 years earlier than in Ancient Egypt.

大幅に変えるだろう

The first high cultures began emerging around the year 7000.

では簡単に

The Indus Valley Civilization, Ancient Egypt, the Minoans in Greece, and the Sumerians in Mesopotamia .

新０年からの歴史を見ていこう

Stonehenge was built in Britain, and the first dynasty in China began.

"新しい人類の歴史"

Ötzi the Ice Man lived around this time.

１万2000年前 人類の歴史で初めて

What we consider history now started and things began picking up pace, as the world population rose to over 30 million.

建築物が作られ

A number of new high cultures appeared around the world, many writing down their legends.

その後2000年使われた

More and more cities were founded.

最初の都市エリコが作られたのは

In South America the Olmec culture emerged.

歴史が1000年経ってからだった

Around this time, the legendary siege of Troy is supposed to have happened.

この時の進歩はとても遅かった

Soon after in the eastern Mediterranean in the Fertile Crescent, the bronze age ended in violence.

次の1000年 集落が世界に広がると

Every Bronze Age culture, except Egypt, was destroyed by mysterious invaders.

植物や動物が飼い慣らされていった

Writing and progress froze for hundreds of years.

1000kmを越える貿易の証拠があり

Around the Year 9500, what we consider Western culture began.

この時の全人口は500万人ほどで

The Greek city-states beat off the persian invasion, and triggered their golden era,

今のロンドンより少ない

ended by Alexander the Great around 9700.

技術は着実に進歩していった

100 years later, Rome destroyed Carthage, and became a dominant force in the world.

陶器が広まり

Caesar was murdered in the year 9956, while the world population had risen to about 300 million people.

中国 インド 肥沃な三日月地帯に

And it's only now around the year 10,000, that we've reached the point where the Gregorian calendar

文明が誕生した

and our current method of marking human history begins.

今から8000年前の4000年には

A mere two thousand years from now, humans will walk on the moon.

鉄の使用が始まり

If we think about history as we do now, we are underplaying 10,000 years of human progress and development.

5000年頃にはスズと銅を混ぜて

Including all of it in our calendar makes our past more impressive.

青銅器時代が始まった

It shows how progress became exponential with time, and it incorporates all humans from

また 文字や車輪も発明された

all cultures into our calendar.

南米では人工のミイラ文化が起こり

A New Year Zero for our history could reframe how we think of ourselves.

エジプトより2000年早かった

As a building project that started 12,000 years ago when for the first time,

最初の高度な文明は7000年頃

our ancestors came together to carve a temple out of bedrock with tools made of stone;

インダス

not knowing what they would set in motion,

エジプト

where it would lead us as a species.

ギリシャのミノア

From building the first temple, to ships flying beyond the sky.

メソポタミアで始まった

We've made a Kurzgesagt version of the human era calendar

ストーンヘンジが建てられ

that you can buy here if you want.

中国に王朝ができた

It's a calendar for 2017, but with one important difference.

アイスマンもこの頃だ

It's for the year 12,017, the year we think we should be in right now.

現代人が歴史と考えるものが始まり

There are only a very limited amount available, but if we sell enough of them,

世界人口は3000万人を越えた

we'll make this a regular thing, and maybe produce more print products in the future.

高度な文明が次々生まれ

The calendar is illustrated, and we put in a few fun facts.

伝説も書き残された

Also as always, if you like what we do, please consider supporting us on Patreon,

都市が増えていき

or buying things we made. It really helps!

南米にはオルメカ文明が現れた

Thanks, and have a happy 12,017!

この頃 伝説的なトロイの包囲が起き