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  • Hey Thoughty2 here. Everybody loves. Every single person at some point has that small

  • moment of bliss that changes the rest of their life. And were not the only ones, even

  • animals have fully monogamous relationships. Look they cuddle and everything. But what

  • exactly is love? Let’s finally answer the question that’s perplexed scientists for

  • generations. Oh and if you stay long enough I might even tell you how you can make someone

  • love you.

  • Love is free, it can’t be owned, bought or sold. Is has no mass or weight and cannot

  • be touched. Yet it is the single most powerful emotion humans can experience. It makes us

  • do some really stupid stuff sometimes. But it’s far more than an emotion, it can physically

  • affect our bodies in some rather incredible ways.

  • For example, some extraordinary research revealed that when two lovers gaze into each others

  • eyes, their heart rates synchronise and beat at the exact same time. This graph shows the

  • heart rates of two individuals in love, whilst their eyes were locked in a loving exchange.

  • The red line shows one heart beat, the blue line the other, notice how their heart rates

  • are so closely matched, so much so, that the blue line can barely be seen beneath the red

  • line.

  • Love is also a powerful pain killer. In fact, cuddling can cure a headache, during a loving

  • embrace the chemical Oxytocin is released in our brains, ovaries and testicles. Research

  • has found that a dose of Oxytocin can significantly decrease headaches and other pains. Studies

  • have also shown that simply looking at a photo of a loved one can reduce pain by up to 40%.

  • So then, what is love?

  • Well, this really depends on how you look at it, some people say love is down to fate,

  • our path is already decided, out of our control. That sure sounds poetic, but the processes

  • associated with love can actually be extrapolated and explained to a large extent by science.

  • But I should warn you, this won’t be romantic, unless statistics turn you on.

  • Psychologists have shown that it takes anywhere between 90 seconds and 4 minutes to decide

  • if you fancy someone. Surprisingly being attracted to someone has very little to do with what

  • they say, research shows that 55% is through body language, 38% is the tone and speed of

  • their voice and only 7% is down to what they say.

  • In order to properly explain love we must first break it down into its 3 stages, lust,

  • attraction and attachment. Each stage is driven by its own set of unique hormones and chemicals.

  • A person must go through all 3 stages before they can truly be in love with someone, which

  • kind of puts a spanner in the wholelove at first sightthing.

  • The first stage, Lust is probably the most biologically simple, lust is driven by the

  • sex hormones testosterone and oestrogen. In fact research shows that women actually have

  • different tastes in men whilst using contraception. Women taking the pill prefer men with more

  • feminine faces, whereas women not using contraception prefer more masculine men.

  • But what’s even more interesting is that the features that trigger lust in a person

  • differs between genders. Research shows that men are attracted to women that have a symmetrical

  • face, full lips, full breasts, and wide hips compared to their waist size, or to put in

  • more simply an hourglass figure. Because statistically curvy women are also the most fertile. In

  • fact there’s actually some maths behind this, in European countries the most desirable

  • waist-to-hip ratio in women is 0.7, and in South America and Africa it’s 0.9.

  • On the other hand, women prefer men with broad shoulders and a narrow waist. But most intriguingly,

  • one of the most desirable qualities in a man is a healthy immune system. Research shows

  • that women are subconsciously attracted to men with healthy faces, because this signals

  • a strong immune system.

  • Stage 2 is Attraction, this is the stage when youre deeply in love and you can’t think

  • of anything but your new partner. Scientists think there are three main neurotransmitters

  • involved with this stage, adrenaline, dopamine and serotonin.

  • Firstly, adrenaline along with the stress hormone cortisol are released in your body

  • during the first few weeks of your new relationship. These two chemicals are responsible for making

  • you sweat, increasing your heart rate and giving you a dry mouth when youre around

  • your new love interest.

  • Secondly, your levels of dopamine increase, this gives you an intense rush of pleasure

  • when you bump into your new love and it’s what makes you desire them even more. Increased

  • dopamine levels also increase your energy levels, and decrease your need for sleep and

  • food. It actually has a very similar effect on the brain as taking cocaine.

  • And finally, whilst youre in the attraction stage, your levels of the serotonin neurotransmitter

  • drop dramatically. This causes you to become obsessed with your new love interest, it’s

  • the reason they keep popping into your thoughts throughout the day. Interestingly the low

  • serotonin levels experienced by new lovers are remarkably similar to the low serotonin

  • levels found in patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

  • Lastly, the final and most important stage of love is attachment. During this stage the

  • powerful bond is formed that keeps some couples together for life and makes them want to have

  • children. Research shows there are two major hormones responsible for this feeling of attachment.

  • Oxytocin and vasopressin.

  • Both the oxytocin and vasopressin hormones are released by men and women, when they kiss,

  • cuddle and have sex. Scientists believe that the more sex a couple has, the deeper their

  • bond becomes.

  • An interesting example of this can be seen with prairie voles. Like humans, they indulge

  • in far more sex than is necessary for the purpose of reproduction, and they also, like

  • humans, form stable pair-bonds. As part of an experiment, scientists gave prairie voles

  • a drug that suppresses the effect of the vasopressin hormone. Something remarkable happened, their

  • bond with their partner deteriorated immediately and they no longer protected their partner

  • from potential new suitors.

  • So in a nutshell, the answer to the questionWhat is love?”, isLove is a state

  • of deep attachment to a fellow human being, caused by a combination of chemicals. Specifically:

  • Testosterone, Oestrogen, Adrenaline, Dopamine, Serotonin, Oxytocin and Vasopressin”.

  • Sounds so romantic doesn’t it? I do apologise if I’ve somewhat ruined the magic. But remember,

  • these are nothing more than scientific explanations for a set of symptoms and behaviours associated

  • with being in love. In reality, love truly is a seemingly magical and rather beautiful,

  • force of nature that could never be fully explained by science.

  • But there’s still the question ofwhydoes love exist, what purpose does it serve?

  • Evolutionary scientists believe that love is a product of evolution. The theory goes

  • like this. Without love acting as the glue, in a relationship, keeping a partner long

  • enough to reproduce is difficult. If love wasn’t a component in most relationships,

  • they most likely wouldn’t last longer than a couple of weeks. Which, means a lot fewer

  • couples would reproduce. It’s love, that keeps relationships together for several years

  • or more, long enough for them to have children, which, after all is the ultimate goal of evolution.

  • Scientists believe that over millions of years, humans, and certain other animals, have developed

  • a specific set of chemical processes, to make us feel like we are emotionally attached to

  • our potential mating partner. Thus giving us an incentive to want to stay together and

  • ultimately reproduce. We, however, interpret this, as being in love.

  • But you may be thinking, if the sole purpose of love is just an incentive to reproduce.

  • Then why do we love our family, and even our pets? It all has to do with the attachment

  • hormone we talked about before, Oxytocin. It isn’t just released when we have sex,

  • it’s also released in somewhat smaller doses when we simply touch another person, or animal.

  • Every time we touch another person and experience a release of Oxytocin, we become more deeply

  • attached to them. And who do you think you came in contact with the most as a baby, that’s

  • right, your family.

  • Ever heard the phraseThere’s nothing like a mother’s love”. Well there really

  • isn’t, during the later stages of pregnancy Oxytocin levels in the mother surge to unfathomably

  • high levels, these levels peak right at the moment of childbirth. This creates a seemingly

  • unbreakable bond and an unrivalled level of attachment between the mother and child.

  • But it’s not just humans that release Oxytocin. Scientists have discovered that dogs and cats,

  • among many other animals, also release Oxytocin when they come into physical contact with

  • another animal, or human. So good news animal lovers, this means, that your pet really does

  • love you too. Scientists found that the more you socially interact with your pet, the more

  • deeply they become attached to you, and hence the more deeply they will fall in love with

  • you.

  • So then, like I promised here’s how you can make someone fall in love with you. It’s

  • really quite simple, find a potential new suitor, it doesn’t even have to be someone

  • you know. Reveal some intimate details about your life to them, then stare deeply into

  • their eyes for 4 minutes. There’s a slight chance you may get a slap, but research shows

  • that more often than not they will feel strangely attracted to you.

  • New York psychologist, Professor Arthur Arun, demonstrated this when he randomly paired

  • people together from a group of complete strangers and asked them to reveal intimate details

  • about their lives to each other for 30 minutes, then stare deeply into each other’s eyes

  • for 4 minutes. Afterwards nearly all of the couples admitted to feeling deeply attracted

  • to the stranger, whom they had only spent 34 minutes with. And following the experiment

  • one of the couples actually got married.

  • If for some weird reason you don’t feel comfortable imposing your newly learned Jedi

  • mind tricks on a complete stranger. Fear not, there are some slightly less insane things

  • you can do to increase the chances of your crush falling in love with you.

  • Research shows that proximity has a huge effect on love. A study in Ohio showed that 54% of

  • couples who recently applied for marriage licenses were separated by a distance of 16

  • blocks or fewer and 37% were less than 5 blocks apart from each other. The science behind

  • this is repeated exposure. The more you see someone or something the more you like it.

  • However this is not always the case, repeated exposure to another person amplifies the dominant

  • emotion in the relationship. So if the dominant emotion is anger or hate, theyre just going

  • to dislike you even more. But the bottom-line is, if you want someone to fall in love with

  • you, you should spend as much time as possible in their company. Unless you really, really

  • annoy them.

  • Research shows that individuals whom are in a state of emotional distress are significantly

  • more likely to fall in love. This state of emotional unease is often found following

  • the death of a loved one, being in an accident, or most commonly, after a painful breakup.

  • Obstacles that stand in the way of love can actually increase the chance of a relationship

  • forming. Studies show that attraction is actually increased when external factors get in the

  • way. A great example of this is when teenagers start a relationship and their parents object,

  • it only makes the teenagers want to be together even more.

  • Finally, I’ll leave you with these facts. Women tend to find men twice as attractive

  • when they notice other women are interested in him. Also, on average, a man will spend

  • one year of his life staring at women. It’s also common to think that men are less emotionally

  • affected by relationships than women. But statistically, men are quicker than women

  • to say “I love youin relationships and contrary to popular belief, recent studies

  • have shown that men are more emotionally affected when a relationship ends than women.

Hey Thoughty2 here. Everybody loves. Every single person at some point has that small

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愛とは何か? (What Is Love?)

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    April Lu に公開 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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