Name: 北極圏の終わり (The End Of The Arctic)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:28:47.000Z
Duration: 13 min 39 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

基礎受動態

Growing up in Canada, we were always shown maps of our country, like this, where a huge

portion of it is something known as the Arctic. Given that it makes up 40% of Canada's land

様態の副詞

mass and 2/3 of its coasts, we never actually learned that much about it in school and it's

always been this sort of exotic location that we've wanted to go to, especially knowing

that the ice has been steadily declining for years. So we decided to pack our bags, bring

some camera gear and join a Greenpeace boat that was heading from St John's Newfoundland

all the way to a community called Clyde River on Baffin Island to see the effects of climate

change first hand. Scientists know that the Arctic is warming twice as fast as other parts

of the world, causing land and sea ice to melt and currents to change. We were honestly

so surprised at how little ice there was, which we could immediately see upon arrival.

Climate change is a global phenomenon. It doesn't just happen in certain places. It

affects everybody. The rising of the temperature caused by our burning of fossil fuels has

caused the Arctic to melt. And this extreme rate of change has deeply affected the wild

life and people's lives. These people are the Inuit, who are an indigenous people that

have lived in North America for thousands of years. Inuit means people. And that's all

we see ourselves as. People. When we refer to a different culture, let's say from France,

there's lots of Inuit there. That's how we say it. That's how we use it. But also we

use it to refer it to ourselves as people. What makes us Inuit is that we are hunter

gatherers. We go out on the land, live out there for part of the year, hunting whales

and seals and fishing--all this hunting lifestyle. That's what makes us Inuit, to me. In 1939,

the Supreme Court of Canada decided that the Inuit should be under the jurisdiction of

the federal government, imposing Canadian laws to strip them of their customs. During

World War II, this land became even more important, strategically, and was occupied more heavily.

This European influence had an incredibly negative impact on the Inuit way of life,

with forced assimilation to remove their culture and further removal of their traditional structure,

much like other indigenous populations across the world. In the 1950s, the Canadian government

forced communities to settle permanently into cities or hamlets, like Clyde River, stripping

the nomadic way of life away from the Inuit. When you walk around in my community, you

see that the houses for people is nothing but bungalows, wooden houses. All our roads

are gravel. And we are really lacking in infrastructure. I remember we would always go camping, like

the whole family. We would be gone for weeks or even months if we had enough food. Pretty

much we lived out on the land and survived from animals that my dad and my brother hunt.

I wish we could go back to the way we used to live, because there was more family time.

Everything just changed when there was no more camping for us. Given that mass agriculture

isn't the easiest thing to produce in the North, it makes sense that any threat to the

wildlife, which is a huge segment of their food source, would be problematic. We have

a relationship with nature where we're not out to just kill anything. It's our food source.

When we kill an animal, we treat it right. We butcher it right, and bring it into the

community for food. In summertime, my favourite food is narwhal. We call it muktuk. We're

gonna try narwhal for the first time. So, like this? I just have this? Oh, it's warm!

It's been boiled? Mmmhm. Yeah, they just cooked it. Mmmm. It's soft? Pretty good. That one

has even more flavour. That one's raw. What's it taste like? Like seafood. Kind of tastes

like a chewy muscle or a clam. It's good. Which one do you like more? Depends on the

day. *laughs* Today, 68% of Inuit don't have consistent access to healthy or nutritious

food, giving them the highest rate of food insecurity of any indigenous group in the

developed world. 35% of homes literally do not have enough food to eat. In Clyde River,

we have one store called Northern store. It's a chain of stores that is all around Nunavut

and other regions of Canada. Most aboriginal communities have a Northern store. And that's

our only store. And because of that, they can mark it up as they like. The prices are

sometimes a hundred, two hundred, even to four hundred percent higher than what we would

buy in Ottawa. This pepper, is $15.99. I don't even know if it's per pound or per pepper,

but regardless, either of those is really, seriously shocking. So all the yellow labels

are things that are aired in and all the black labels are things that are shipped in. So

like this little thing of veggies is $16. Wow. This can of coke right here is $6.15.

And this is in Canada in a community that is probably obviously struggling to put food

on the table, and it's messed up. And you know they're jacked up prices because the

Coke is $6.15, but the Pepsi is $2.59, so obviously there's a preference for Coke. They're

capable. Yeah, they're capable of bringing that price down. It's so interesting being

in Canada. We're not in a different country. We didn't show our passport to come here.

Our family, we're living on paycheck to paycheck and sometimes it's not enough for us to get

food for my siblings and my parents, but if we don't have any Northern-bought food, we

would still have narwhal or seal meat or fish, in our fridge and that saves us a lot. It

keeps us from starving. As if these food challenges weren't already enough, Clyde River is about

to face, perhaps, it's greatest battle and risk to their livelihood yet. This is seismic

blasting. You see, the energy and oil companies use the technique of seismic blasting in the

search for oil underwater, whereby high air pressure blasts are shot up underwater every

ten seconds to survey the ocean floor below in hopes to find oil deposits. Basically,

they're imaging with sound. But not before having an impact on the environment and wildlife

first. Almost all marine animals use sound for all vital life functions. And that's because

sound travels extremely efficiently under water. Five times the speed. And it just transmits

over large areas very quickly. Seismic blasting is the loudest human-made sounds other than

an explosion and 4,000 km away, seismics can form the pre-dominant part of the background

noise. They'll be having much more trouble finding their prey, orienting themselves,

navigating, staying in touch with eachother, staying in touch with their calves, reproducing,

mating, stress impact that affect their immune system. They use sound for everything. Why

would they not be impacted? How could they not be impacted? I can't even imagine. It's

far harder for me to imagine they wouldn't be impacted than they would. I mean, the parsimonious

explanation is, they're going to suffer something. And if the animals are affected, it becomes

a matter of life and death for the Inuit people in Clyde River. But Clyde River is unique

in that they have begun an unprecedented legal battle against the Canadian government and

energy companies to protect their land, culture, wildlife, and way of life. So the seismic

companies applies for a permit to conduct a five year project to blast Baffin Bay and

the Davis Strait in search of oil and gas beneath the sea floor. They want to blast

over a very large section of the Arctic Ocean in Canada. The project that was approved would

allow them to blast the ocean for five years during the ice-free season, which is a pretty

significant amount of the year and they'd be blasting their air canons every ten seconds,

24 hours a day. This shouldn't have been a problem, given that indigenous peoples in

Canada and other countries around the world have certain rights enshrined to the United

Nations Declaration On The Rights of Indigenous Peoples, requiring proper consultation and

consent to go forward with such projects. Clyde River never gave their consent , but

the seismic blasting was given a go-ahead. The National Energy Board and a company came

to Clyde River in what they call consultation. They brought a lot of paper work, their presentations.

They were telling us, "this is what we're planning to do." We were asking them questions

when they were done, you know, how presentations work. We were asking them things like, "what's

going to happen to the halibut? How are the halibut (or the turbot) going to be affected

by the canon blasts?" Narwhals, walrus--we thought that we would get an answer that explains

what would happen. But, no, they didn't give us any answer like that. Here are some of

the actual excerpts from the consultation process with the community. When asked, "Which

animals will be affected?" they answered, "That's a very difficult question to answer

because we're not the core experts." When asked, "What are the effects of seismic testing