Name: シルクロードと古代貿易。クラッシュ・コース 世界史 #9 (The Silk Road and Ancient Trade: Crash Course World History #9)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:22:39.000Z
Duration: 10 min 31 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

Hi there, I’m John Green; you’re watching Crash Course: World History, and today we’re

転換語

gonna talk about the Silk Road, so called because it was not a road and not made of

So this is a t-shirt. It was designed in Belgium and contains cotton from both Brazil and the

Texas, which was turned into cloth in China, stitched in Haiti, screen-printed in the Washington,

sold to me in Indiana, and now that I am too fat to wear it, it will soon make its way

to Cameroon or Honduras or possibly even back to Haiti.

Can we just pause for a moment to consider the astonishing fact that most t-shirts see

Mr. Green Mr. Green the t-shirt can’t see the world because they don’t have eyes—

Look, me from the past, it’s difficult for me to isolate what I hate most about you because

But very near the top is your relentless talent for ignoring everything that is interesting

and beautiful about our species in favor of pedantic sniveling in which no one loses or

I’m gonna go put on a collared shirt because we’re here to tackle the big picture.

So the silk road didn’t begin trade, but it did radically expand its scope, and the

connections that were formed by mostly unknown merchants arguably changed the world more

It was especially cool If you were rich, because you finally had something to spend your money

on other than temples. But even if you weren’t rich, the Silk Road reshaped the lives of

everyone living in Africa and Eurasia, as we will see today. Let’s go straight to

As previously mentioned, the silk road was not a road. It’s not like archaeologists

working in Uzbekistan have uncovered a bunch of yield signs and baby on board stickers.

It was an overland route where merchants carried goods for trade.

But it was really two routes: One that connected the Eastern Mediterranean to Central Asia

and one that went from Central Asia to China.

Further complicating things, the Silk Road involved sea routes: Many goods reached Rome

and goods from Central Asia found their way across the Pacific to Japan and even Java.

So we shouldn’t think of the Silk Road as a road but rather as a network of trade routes.

But just as now, the goods traveled more than the people who traded them: Very few traders

traversed the entire silk road: Instead, they’d move back and forth between towns, selling

to traders who’d take the goods further toward their destination, with everybody marking

So what’d they trade? Well silk, for starters. For millennia, silk was only produced in China.

It is spun from the cocoons of mulberry tree-eating worms and the process of silk making as well

as the techniques for raising the worms were closely guarded secrets, since the lion’s

share of China’s wealth came from silk production.

The Chinese used silk as fishing line, to buy off nomadic raiders to keep things peaceful,

But as an export, silk was mostly used for clothes: Silk clothing feels light in the

summer and warm in the winter, and until we invented $700 pre-distressed designer jeans,

decking yourself out in silk was the #1 way to show people that you were wealthy.

Thanks, Thought Bubble. But the silk road wasn’t all about silk.

The Mediterranean exported such cliched goods as olives, olive oil, wine, and mustachioed

China exported raw materials like jade, silver, and iron.

India exported fine cotton textiles; the ivory that originated in East Africa made its way

And Arabia exported incense and spices and tortoise shells. Oh, god, it’s a red one,

isn’t it? It’s just gonna chase me, I just--- Ow.

Up until now on Crash Course we’ve been focused on city-dwelling civilizational types,

but with the growth of the silk road, the nomadic people of Central Asia suddenly become

Much of Central Asia isn’t great for agriculture, but it’s difficult to conquer, unless you

It also lends itself fairly well to herding, and since nomads are definitionally good at

moving around, they’re also good at moving stuff from Point A to Point B, which makes

Plus all their travel made them more resistant to diseases.

One group of such nomads, the Yuezhi, were humiliated in battle in the 2nd century BCE

by their bitter rivals the Xiongnu, who turned the Yuezhi king’s skull into a drinking

And in the wake of that the Yuezhi migrated to Bactria and started the Kushan Empire in

Although silk road trading began more than a century before the birth of Jesus, it really

took off in the second and third centuries CE, and the Kushan Empire became a huge hub

By then, nomads were being eclipsed by professional merchants who travelled the silk roads, often

making huge profits, but those cities that had been founded by nomadic peoples became

They continued to grow, because most of the trade on the Silk Road was by caravan, and

those caravans had to stop frequently, you know, for like food and water and prostitutes.

These towns became fantastically wealthy: One, Palmyra, was particularly important because

all of the incense and silk that travelled to Rome had to go through Palmyra.

Silk was so popular among the Roman elite that the Roman senate repeatedly tried to

ban it, complaining about trade imbalances caused by the silk trade and also that silk

“I see clothes of silk, if materials that do not hide the body, nor even one's decency,

he also said of the woman who wears silk, “her husband has no more acquaintance than

any outsider or foreigner with his wife's body."

And yet all attempts to ban silk failed, which speaks to how much, even in the ancient world,

And with trade, there was a way to become wealthy without being a king or lord who takes

The merchant class that grew along with the Silk Road came to have a lot of political

clout, and in some ways that began the tension that we still see today between wealth and

politics. Whether it’s, you know, corporations making large donations or Vladimir Putin periodically

Mr. Putin, I just want to state for the record that I did not mean that in any way, I was---

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シルクロードと古代貿易。クラッシュ・コース世界史 #9 (The Silk Road and Ancient Trade: Crash Course World History #9)

road

shirt

people

travel

シルクロードと古代貿易。クラッシュ・コース 世界史 #9 (The Silk Road and Ancient Trade: Crash Course World History #9)

road

shirt

people

travel

シルクロードと古代貿易。クラッシュ・コース世界史 #9 (The Silk Road and Ancient Trade: Crash Course World History #9)