Name: 大西洋の奴隷貿易クラッシュ・コース 世界史 #24 (The Atlantic Slave Trade: Crash Course World History #24)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T04:22:38.000Z
Duration: 11 min 8 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

today we’re going to talk about slavery.

it’s very near the top of the list of things that aren’t funny,

so today’s episode is gonna be a little light on the jokes.

But, I’m gonna help you understand what

pre-Civil War Americans often euphemistically referred to as

Slavery is as old as civilization itself, although it’s not as old as humanity –

thanks to our hunting and gathering foremothers.

the Atlantic Slave Trade are truly staggering.

somewhere between 10 and 12 million African slaves were forcibly moved from Africa to

And about 15% of those people died during the journey.

I mean my God it’s almost as big as South America.”

And those who didn’t die became property, bought and sold like any commodity.

Where Africans came from, and went to, changed over time, but in all, 48% of slaves went

to the Caribbean and 41% to Brazil—although few Americans recognize this, relatively few

slaves were imported to the U.S.—only about 5% of the total.

It’s also worth noting that by the time Europeans started importing Africans into

the Americas, Europe had a long history of trading slaves.

The first real “European” slave trade began after the fourth Crusade in 1204.

Armenian, Circassian, and Georgian slaves to Italy.

Most of them were women who worked as household servants,

a crop that African slaves later cultivated in the Caribbean.

None of primary crops grown by slaves, sugar, tobacco, coffee, is necessary to sustain human

life. So in a way, slavery was a very early byproduct of a consumer culture that revolves

around the purchase of goods that bring us pleasure but not sustenance.

You are welcome to draw your own metaphorically resonant conclusions from this fact.

One of the big misconceptions about slavery, at least when I was growing up, was that Europeans

somehow captured Africans, put them in chains, stuck them on boats, and then took them to

The chains and ships bit is true, as is the America part if you define America as America

But Africans were living in all kinds of conglomerations from small villages to city-states to empires,

and they were much too powerful for the Europeans to just conquer.

And, in fact, Europeans obtained African slaves by trading for them.

Because trade is a two-way proposition, this meant that Africans were captured by other

Africans and then traded to Europeans in exchange for goods, usually like metal tools, or fine

And for those Africans, slaves were a form of property and a very valuable one.

In many places, slaves were one of the only sources of private wealth because land was

And this gets to a really important point:

If we’re going to understand the tragedy of slavery, we need to understand the economics

of it. We need to get inside what Mark Twain famously called a deformed conscience.

We have to see slaves both as they were—as human beings—and as they were viewed—as

Right, so you probably know about the horrendous conditions aboard slave ships, which, at their

But it’s worth underscoring that each slave had an average four square feet of space.

As one eyewitness testified before Parliament in 1791, “They had not so much room as a

[and I’m the jerk that gets claustrophobic in elevators]

Once in the Americas, the surviving slaves were sold in a market very similar to the

After purchase, slave owners would often brand their new possession on the cheeks, again

The lives of slaves were dominated by work and terror,

from housework to skilled crafts work, and some even worked as sailors, but the majority

most of them planted, harvested and processed sugar, working ten months out of the year,

The worst part of this job, which was saying something because there were many bad parts,

This required slaves to carry 80 pound baskets of manure on their heads up and down hilly

When it came time to harvest and process the cane, speed was incredibly important because

once cut, sugar sap can go sour within a day.

This meant that slaves would often work 48 hours straight during harvest time, working

without sleep in the sweltering sugar press houses where the cane would be crushed in

字幕リスト動画再生

大西洋の奴隷貿易クラッシュ・コース世界史 #24 (The Atlantic Slave Trade: Crash Course World History #24)

sugar

music

work

week

大西洋の奴隷貿易クラッシュ・コース 世界史 #24 (The Atlantic Slave Trade: Crash Course World History #24)

sugar

music

work

week

大西洋の奴隷貿易クラッシュ・コース世界史 #24 (The Atlantic Slave Trade: Crash Course World History #24)