Name: 問題解決プレゼンテーション：完全版 (Problem-solution presentation: full version)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T06:03:27.000Z
Duration: 13 min 7 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

動名詞

Good morning everyone. Thank you all for coming to our presentation.

to 不定詞

Yes, we're very pleased to be able to talk to you about such an important issue today.

My name is Thomas, and this is Wing, and we're from both students studying business here

at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. As part of our studies, we have put together

a short presentation about a very important topic.

We are sure that many of you are familiar with this issue, but for the benefit of (those)

who aren't, let's take a moment to introduce the subject.

What do you think is going on in this photo? Audience: Giving that man a prize?

Good guess, but, no, actually that man works in the store.

What do you think that says about the workforce these days?

Audience: That the population is getting older, and people want to work for longer?

Exactly, and that's what we're going to talk about today, China's ageing population.

We have divided the presentation into four parts.

First, I'll talk about the background of China's ageing population, and second, its

causes. Then, Thomas will briefly present its effects

before looking at some possible solutions (for the ageing population).

He will also give a brief conclusion. We'll be talking for around ten minutes, and

we welcome any questions (that you may have) at the end.

OK, first of all, let's look at the problem of ageing populations.

According to the World Health Organization, the number of elderly people, defined as (those)

over 60 years old, will have doubled, from 11% in 2000 to 22% by 2050.

This means that there will be around 2 billion elderly people all over the world by 2050.

The rapid growth of elderly populations will be more significant in developing countries,

like China. Scholars have figured out the causes of China's

ageing population by studying the population policy and the social phenomena in China.

Now, I'd like to discuss the first main cause, the early population policy.

The population policy in China has (been) changing since the 1950s.

In the 1950s and 1960s, women were encouraged to have children.

This can be seen by this quote from Mao Zedong in 1949.

As Matthew Potts in his 2006 article shows, this led to a baby boom in (the) 1950s and early 1960s.

The population pyramid in 1950 showed that

the younger generation, who were aged 14 or below, comprised about 40% of the total population.

The elderly population, that is people over 60 years old, was less than 6%.

This has been the foundation of the large elderly population in China today

And this leads me to the second main cause of China's ageing population, the one child policy.

The Chinese Government soon found that the growing population was an obstacle to economic

development after the famine caused by the Great Leap Forward in the late 1950s.

Therefore, the government started promoting birth control from the mid 1960s.

The "later, longer, fewer" policy was launched.

This meant later marriage, fewer children and longer spacing between children.

And then, as Alcorn and Bao have shown, in 1979 the Chinese government announced the

one child policy. The policy only allowed couples to have one

child. As a result, there has been a rapid drop in

the fertility rate. The shape of (the) population pyramid has changed.

In 2010, the population under 14 years old had dropped by 50%; they only made up about

At the same time, the elderly population had almost doubled, up to more than one in ten

Now, let's look at the third factor that contributes to China's low fertility rate.

Researchers have pointed out that the rising cost of living and increasing education expenses

have discouraged young couples from having children.

Many couples choose to maintain their high living standard by not having children.

Faure and Fang have shown that the number of DINK couples, that means "double income,

no kid", have gone up. This further lowers the fertility rate in

China and pushes China towards population imbalance.

The WHO estimates that there will be only about 15% of the total population aged 14 or below,

and almost one third will be elderly in China by twenty fifty.

Well, that's all I have to say about the causes of China's ageing population.

I've looked at three causes; first China's policy of encouraging more births in the 1950s

and early 1960s. Then the introduction of policies that favoured

smaller families, ending in (the) one child policy in 1979.

And finally the social phenomena of DINK couples. Now I shall hand over to Thomas, who will

discuss the effects of the causes and the possible solutions for the problem. Thomas,

So, (I am) Thomas. I'm going to briefly talk about the effects

of the ageing population, and (then) look at some solutions for these problems.

So, as a paper by Banister and colleagues from 2010 shows, one of the first effects

is a labour shortage in China. A second negative effect is the surge in demand

for services for the elderly. Both these effects are going to present challenges

for the Chinese government. Let's now consider some solutions.

First, let's look at the possible solutions for a labour shortage.

The Chinese government should consider both short-term and long-term solutions.

In (the) short term, the government could extend the retirement age to encourage those over

60 years old, who are still able and willing to work, to return to the labour market.

This would help to stabilise the population of the present labour force.

In the long term, the government should propose policies that encourage fertility.

As reported by an article in the journal Science, many academics think that the government should

relax the one child policy, and allow couples to have more than one child.

In order to motivate more couples to give birth, the government might consider giving

tax breaks to parents. The team led by Li in 2011 argues that this

reduces the cost of living and education when raising children, which would encourage parenthood.

These could possibly raise the birth rate and provide more labour in the future.

Now, I'd like to move on to the solution to the surge in demand for elderly services.

I think there are two main solutions here. First, Zhang and Goza have suggested in 2006

that the central government should increase the elderly's financial independence.

Private pension funds and health insurance should be promoted.

As Li and his colleagues point out, money for these funds could be collected either

compulsorily or voluntarily. This would ease the financial burden of the

future generation in elderly care. A second solution is that the local governments

should provide more elderly homes and centres to their residents.

The participation of the general public and charity organisations will be crucial for

the establishment and the operation of the homes and centres.

This is because they will provide manpower support to the homes and centres and help

to collect funds for private pensions and health insurance.

Well, I think that covers most of the things we want to say today about China's ageing

population. Turning to my conclusion, I'd like to summarise

our main points. In our presentation, I have shown the effects

and some solutions for the ageing population problem in China.

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問題解決プレゼンテーション：完全版 (Problem-solution presentation: full version)

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