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  • 42. The Attitude of a Linguist. Natural Learning Speaking a new language is natural. You need

  • only cultivate the latent capabilities that you already possess, but which need to be

  • properly stimulated. The way of the linguist is one that leaves you free to pursue your

  • own needs and interests, rather than having to learn according to an externally imposed

  • program. You develop skills that you have within you. You integrate with the target

  • language, listening and imitating rather than learning from theory.

  • Man is most nearly himself when he achieves the seriousness of a child at play.

  • - Heraclitus  

  • Children learn languages using these natural methods. They just want to communicate. They

  • cannot read grammars, they do not do drills, they do not prepare for tests. They just naturally

  • want to learn. At birth, children of all nationalities have the same innate ability to learn a new

  • language. It is true that children normally learn their mother tongue, but they possess

  • a universal language instinct that will enable them to learn any language.

  • Children are exposed to a limited range of content which matters to them: the language

  • of their parents and their friends at play. They concentrate on the words and phrases

  • that are important to them and find opportunities to use them. They are not concerned about

  • making mistakes of pronunciation or grammar. Children absorb the language without resistance.

  • Unlike the classroom language learner, they are not constantly corrected but are encouraged

  • in their efforts to speak. Children learn naturally, but adults can learn

  • faster than children. When I studied Mandarin Chinese or Japanese I was able to read the

  • newspaper and have serious discussions within six months. It takes a child longer to reach

  • that level of vocabulary. Adults can use their greater knowledge and broader interests to

  • direct their learning, and can progress quickly. As a linguist, you should create your own

  • customized curriculum. If you control your learning, you will learn faster. In listening

  • and reading, comprehension depends on context. When listening to or reading material that

  • you have chosen and where the background is familiar, your comprehension is higher than

  • when you are struggling through uninteresting material. This is the natural way to build

  • confidence and fluency in a non-stressful way.

  • Gradually your range of interests will take you into new areas, thus expanding your language

  • ability. But the decision of what to study should be yours. Furthermore, if you accept

  • the responsibility to seek out your own content, you will take a major step towards cultivating

  • the self-reliant attitude needed for success in language learning.

  • Fred Genesee of McGill University, a leading researcher on language learning and the brain,

  • explains what happens when we learn a new language: When learning occurs, neuro-chemical

  • communication between neurons is facilitated, in other words a neural network is gradually

  • established. Exposure to unfamiliar speech sounds is initially registered by the brain

  • as undifferentiated neural activity. As exposure continues, the listener (and the brain) learns

  • to differentiate among different sounds and even among short sequences of sounds that

  • correspond to words or parts of wordsStudents' vocabulary acquisition can be enhanced when

  • it is embedded in real-world complex contexts that are familiar to them.

  • Through intensive and repetitive exposure to enjoyable language material you will bathe

  • your mind in the new language. This process is sometimes referred to as an "input flood"

  • which trains your mind and prepares it for the more difficult task of expressing yourself

  • in the new language. The linguist accepts the new language without resistance, confident

  • that with enough exposure the difficulties of the language will gradually be overcome.

  • Language learning is not primarily an intellectual activity. It requires enthusiasm and repeated

  • and concentrated exposure to language contexts that become familiar over time. I have often

  • observed that foreign professional athletes in North America are good language learners,

  • often more successful than foreign university professors. Hockey or basketball players are

  • able to deliver fluent interviews on television, whereas the more intellectual professors are

  • likely to have very strong accents and speak in a more stilted and unnatural manner. The

  • reason is that athletes have constant informal verbal interaction with teammates. They need

  • to fit into the team or they will not perform well. They learn quickly, immersed in the

  • comfortable and familiar environment of their sport.

  • Unlike the athlete on a team, most language learners are not exposed to constant and familiar

  • language contexts. That is why it is so important to create your own curriculum based on learning

  • contexts which cater to your interests and needs. Following your interests is the natural

  • way to learn. The greater your range of interests, the more curious you are about the world around

  • you, the better you will learn.

42. The Attitude of a Linguist. Natural Learning Speaking a new language is natural. You need

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42: スティーブ・カウフマンの言語学者 - 言語学者の態度 - 自然学習 (42: The Linguist by Steve Kaufmann - The Attitude of a Linguist - Natural Learning)

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    صائد الاشباح に公開 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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