which was to interview three politicians every day.

大変勉強になりました

And from that much contact with politicians,

そうした経験を通して

I can tell you they're all emotional freaks of one sort or another.

感情面で変人だ と感じました

They have what I called "logorrhea dementia,"

おしゃべり症候群です

which is they talk so much they drive themselves insane.

しゃべり過ぎて 頭が変になってます

(Laughter)

（笑）

But what they do have is incredible social skills.

しかし彼らは本当に社交術に長けてます

When you meet them, they lock into you,

会ったとたんガチっとつかまえて

they look you in the eye,

目を見て話をして

they invade your personal space,

後頭部をさすりながら

they massage the back of your head.

心の隙間に入り込みます

I had dinner with a Republican senator several months ago

ある議員と夕食の機会がありまして

who kept his hand on my inner thigh

食事の間 ずっと私の内ももに

throughout the whole meal -- squeezing it.

手を入れてギューっとされましたよ

I once -- this was years ago --

かなり前ですが

I saw Ted Kennedy and Dan Quayle meet in the well of the Senate.

ある議員をみかけました

And they were friends, and they hugged each other

彼らは ハグをして

and they were laughing, and their faces were like this far apart.

笑いながら こんな近くで話すんです

And they were moving and grinding

お互いの両腕を上へ下へと

and moving their arms up and down each other.

さすり合うんです

And I was like, "Get a room. I don't want to see this."

「他でやってくれ！」

But they have those social skills.

とにかく社交術に長けてます

Another case:

ほかには

Last election cycle,

前回の選挙の時

I was following Mitt Romney around New Hampshire,

ミット・ロムニーを取材してました

and he was campaigning with his five perfect sons:

５人の息子と選挙を活動をしてました

Bip, Chip, Rip, Zip, Lip and Dip.

ビップ チップ リップとその他たくさん

(Laughter)

（笑）

And he's going into a diner.

ダイナーに入って

And he goes into the diner, introduces himself to a family

ある家族に自己紹介しました

and says, "What village are you from in New Hampshire?"

「どちらから？」と聞き

And then he describes the home he owned in their village.

「そこには自宅があるんですよ！」

And so he goes around the room,

店じゅうでそうやって

and then as he's leaving the diner,

ダイナーから出ていきました

he first-names almost everybody he's just met.

初対面の人たちをファーストネームで呼んでました

I was like, "Okay, that's social skill."

「これこそ社交術」

But the paradox is,

変なのは

when a lot of these people slip into the policy-making mode,

政策を作る段階になると

that social awareness vanishes

人間味がふっとんで

and they start talking like accountants.

急に会計士にみたいになることです

So in the course of my career,

キャリアを通じて

I have covered a series of failures.

いくつもの失敗を取材してきました

We sent economists in the Soviet Union

アメリカはソ連の民営化のため

with privatization plans when it broke up,

エコノミストを送り込み 失敗

and what they really lacked was social trust.

必要だったのは信頼関係でした

We invaded Iraq with a military

アメリカは文化的精神的な

oblivious to the cultural and psychological realities.

現実を無視してイラクに軍事介入

We had a financial regulatory regime

トレーダーは

based on the assumptions

バカはしないだろう

that traders were rational creatures

という前提の規制を

who wouldn't do anything stupid.

設けていました

For 30 years, I've been covering school reform

30年間 教育改革を取材してきました

and we've basically reorganized the bureaucratic boxes --

改革とは役所仕事の整理のことです

charters, private schools, vouchers --

許可制度 私立学校 証明書などなど

but we've had disappointing results year after year.

何年にも渡って結果は散々です

And the fact is, people learn from people they love.

私たちは好きな人から学びます

And if you're not talking about the individual relationship

先生と生徒のつながりに

between a teacher and a student,

触れていなければ 現実的な

you're not talking about that reality.

話をしていません

But that reality is expunged

こうした現実は政策を作る

from our policy-making process.

段階で消えてなくなります

And so that's led to a question for me:

一つの疑問は

Why are the most socially-attuned people on earth

人情味溢れる人たちが 政策を作る

completely dehumanized

段階に入ると なぜ

when they think about policy?

人間味がなくなるのか？

And I came to the conclusion,

私の結論はもっと

this is a symptom of a larger problem.

大きな問題のサインでした

That, for centuries, we've inherited a view of human nature

長年 人間の本質を捉えるとき

based on the notion

理性と感情という

that we're divided selves,

二つの領域が存在し

that reason is separated from the emotions

これらは切り離されていると考えられ

and that society progresses

社会は感情を抑制することで

to the extent that reason can suppress the passions.

発展してきたと考えられてきました

And it's led to a view of human nature

本質的に人間は理性的で

that we're rational individuals

目標に対し 一直線に

who respond in straightforward ways to incentives,

向かうものだと考えています

and it's led to ways of seeing the world

人間の行動を測る時

where people try to use the assumptions of physics

物理学の世界と同じような

to measure how human behavior is.

前提を持ち出します

And it's produced a great amputation,

こうして人間の本質の大前提が

a shallow view of human nature.

とても浅はかになりました

We're really good at talking about material things,

物質的なことはよく話せますが

but we're really bad at talking about emotions.

感情についてはまるっきりダメ

We're really good at talking about skills

スキルや安全

and safety and health;

健康については話せますが

we're really bad at talking about character.

人の性格については まるっきりダメです

Alasdair MacIntyre, the famous philosopher,

アラスデア・マッキンタイア曰く

said that, "We have the concepts of the ancient morality

「古代の倫理観や美徳 名誉や美点について

of virtue, honor, goodness,

知ってはいるが もはや

but we no longer have a system

それらと自分たちを結びつける

by which to connect them."

手立てを失ってしまった」

And so this has led to a shallow path in politics,

浅はかな政策をとるようになり

but also in a whole range of human endeavors.

人間の営み全体までも浅はかなものになりました

You can see it in the way we raise our young kids.

子育てでも明らかです

You go to an elementary school at three in the afternoon

午後３時に小学校に行くと重そうなバックパックを

and you watch the kids come out,

背負った子供たちが

and they're wearing these 80-pound backpacks.

飛び出してきます　風が吹けばまるで

If the wind blows them over, they're like beetles stuck there on the ground.

カブトムシが地面で踏ん張ってるよう

You see these cars that drive up --

お迎えの車はサーブか

usually it's Saabs and Audis and Volvos,

アウディ はたまたボルボです

because in certain neighborhoods it's socially acceptable to have a luxury car,

ある地域では高級車を乗りまわしてもＯＫですから

so long as it comes from a country hostile to U.S. foreign policy --

そのメーカーがアメリカの外交政策に反対してれば

that's fine.

まあいいでしょう

They get picked up by these creatures I've called uber-moms,

お迎えはスーパーママです

who are highly successful career women

キャリアで成功を収めた人たちで

who have taken time off to make sure all their kids get into Harvard.

子供をハーバードへ進学させようとしています

And you can usually tell the uber-moms

スーパーママは一目瞭然

because they actually weigh less than their own children.

だって子供よりも軽いんですから

(Laughter)

（笑）

So at the moment of conception,

妊娠してからすぐに

they're doing little butt exercises.

おしりの運動をして

Babies flop out,

赤ちゃんが生まれたとたん

they're flashing Mandarin flashcards at the things.

中国語のお勉強をはじめます

Driving them home, and they want them to be enlightened,

放課後は子供を啓蒙するため

so they take them to Ben & Jerry's ice cream company

独自の外交政策の

with its own foreign policy.

ベン & ジェリーアイスクリームへ

In one of my books,

このアイス屋が

I joke that Ben & Jerry's should make a pacifist toothpaste --

非暴力主義の歯磨き粉で大ヒット間違いなし

doesn't kill germs, just asks them to leave.

バイ菌を殺さず

It would be a big seller.

ただ どっかにいってもらうってね

(Laughter)

（笑）

And they go to Whole Foods to get their baby formula,

ホールフーズで粉ミルクのお買い物

and Whole Foods is one of those progressive grocery stores

ここは進んだ食料品店で

where all the cashiers look like they're on loan from Amnesty International.

従業員はまるで人権団体の職員みたい

(Laughter)

（笑）

They buy these seaweed-based snacks there

海藻のお菓子を買います

called Veggie Booty with Kale,

「ケール入りべジー・ブーティー」

which is for kids who come home and say,

子供たちは言います

"Mom, mom, I want a snack that'll help prevent colon-rectal cancer."

「ママ 大腸ガンに効くあのお菓子が食べたいよう」

(Laughter)

（笑）

And so the kids are raised in a certain way,

子供はそんな風に育てられ

jumping through achievement hoops of the things we can measure --

測れる程度の成功を次々と収めます

SAT prep, oboe, soccer practice.

テスト準備 オーボエ サッカーの練習

They get into competitive colleges, they get good jobs,

一流大学に入り 一流企業に就職して

and sometimes they make a success of themselves

何人かは上っ面での成功を

in a superficial manner, and they make a ton of money.

収めてがっぽり稼ぐ

And sometimes you can see them at vacation places

そんな彼らを時々

like Jackson Hole or Aspen.

リゾート地で見かけます

And they've become elegant and slender --

エレガントでスレンダー

they don't really have thighs;

太ももなんてないんです

they just have one elegant calve on top of another.

ふくらはぎの上にふくらはぎがのってるだけ

(Laughter)

（笑）

They have kids of their own,

親になり

and they've achieved a genetic miracle by marrying beautiful people,

美人と結婚して遺伝の奇跡を成し遂げます

so their grandmoms look like Gertrude Stein,

おばあちゃんはガートルード・スタインで

their daughters looks like Halle Berry -- I don't know how they've done that.

娘はまるでハル・ベリー　ホントどうなってるんでしょう？

They get there and they realize

そうこうしているうちに

it's fashionable now to have dogs a third as tall as your ceiling heights.

でっかい犬を飼うのが流行なので

So they've got these furry 160-pound dogs --

70kgのまるで恐竜みたいな

all look like velociraptors,

ワンちゃんを飼います

all named after Jane Austen characters.

名前はジェーン・オースティンのキャラから

And then when they get old, they haven't really developed a philosophy of life,

歳をとっても人生の哲学もなく

but they've decided, "I've been successful at everything;

「こんなに多くのことで成功したんだから

I'm just not going to die."

このまま死ぬわけにはいかない」

And so they hire personal trainers;

パーソナルトレーナーを雇い

they're popping Cialis like breath mints.

精力剤をガボガボ飲む

You see them on the mountains up there.

雪山で見かけるでしょ

They're cross-country skiing up the mountain

厳しい表情で山を

with these grim expressions

せっせと登る彼らを

that make Dick Cheney look like Jerry Lewis.

あれじゃ ディック・チェイニーも顔負け

(Laughter)

（笑）

And as they whiz by you,

彼らが横を通り過ぎる時

it's like being passed by a little iron Raisinet

その様子はまるで

going up the hill.

鉄のレーズン

(Laughter)

（笑）

And so this is part of what life is,

とある人生をご紹介しました

but it's not all of what life is.

でも人生はこれだけじゃありません

And over the past few years,

過去数年にわたってより深く

I think we've been given a deeper view of human nature

人間の本質 私たちは一体何者なのか？

and a deeper view of who we are.

についてヒントを得てきました

And it's not based on theology or philosophy,

神学や哲学からではなく

it's in the study of the mind,

心についての研究から

across all these spheres of research,

神経科学 認知科学

from neuroscience to the cognitive scientists,

行動経済学 心理学 社会学

behavioral economists, psychologists,

さまざまな分野にわたる

sociology,

リサーチは

we're developing a revolution in consciousness.

意識革命をおこしてきました

And when you synthesize it all,

これらを統合したとき

it's giving us a new view of human nature.

新しい人間の本質が見えてきます

And far from being a coldly materialistic view of nature,

人間味があり 真新しく魅力的な

it's a new humanism, it's a new enchantment.

新しいヒューマニズム

And I think when you synthesize this research,

リサーチを統合するときに

you start with three key insights.

３つの洞察がキーとなります

The first insight is

最初の洞察は

that while the conscious mind writes the autobiography of our species,

人間のほとんどの行動は無意識が

the unconscious mind does most of the work.

導いているということです

And so one way to formulate that is

こういう言い方もできます

the human mind can take in millions of pieces of information a minute,

心は莫大な情報を一瞬で受け止めますが

of which it can be consciously aware of about 40.

意識できるのはわずかです　その結果

And this leads to oddities.

おかしなことがおこります

One of my favorite is that people named Dennis

デニスという名前の人は

are disproportionately likely to become dentists,

なぜかデンティスト（歯医者）になりがち

people named Lawrence become lawyers,

ローレンスはローヤー（弁護士）に

because unconsciously we gravitate toward things

無意識に似ている音に

that sound familiar,

引き寄せられてるのです

which is why I named my daughter President of the United States Brooks.

なので 私の娘は「合衆国大統領ブルックス」

(Laughter)

（笑）

Another finding is that the unconscious,

もう一つの発見は無意識というのは

far from being dumb and sexualized,

バカで本能的なものではなく

is actually quite smart.

実際はかなり賢い

So one of the most cognitively demanding things we do is buy furniture.

家具の購入は本当に決断が要ります

It's really hard to imagine a sofa, how it's going to look in your house.

自宅にぴったりのソファ選びは難しい

And the way you should do that

こうするといいです

is study the furniture,

家具をよく見て

let it marinate in your mind, distract yourself,

心に留め 一度気分転換をします

and then a few days later, go with your gut,

数日後 直感で決めてしまうのです

because unconsciously you've figured it out.

無意識がはたらきます

The second insight

二つ目の洞察は

is that emotions are at the center of our thinking.

思考の中心に感情があるということです

People with strokes and lesions

感情を司る脳の部分に

in the emotion-processing parts of the brain

障害がある人が天才ということは

are not super smart,

まずありません

they're actually sometimes quite helpless.

お手上げ状態の場合もあります

And the "giant" in the field is in the room tonight

この分野の大御所である

and is speaking tomorrow morning -- Antonio Damasio.

アントニオ・ダマジオが会場にいます

And one of the things he's really shown us

彼が紹介するのは感情は

is that emotions are not separate from reason,

理由付けから切り離されたものではなく

but they are the foundation of reason

理由付けのベースとなるということです

because they tell us what to value.

感情こそが何が大事かを決めるのです

And so reading and educating your emotions

自身の感情を読み そして

is one of the central activities of wisdom.

育てていくことが 知識活動の核となります

Now I'm a middle-aged guy.

私は中年で感情について

I'm not exactly comfortable with emotions.

あまり得意でありません

One of my favorite brain stories described these middle-aged guys.

お気に入りの話に中年男性のグループが

They put them into a brain scan machine --

脳のスキャン装置にかけられる話があります

this is apocryphal by the way, but I don't care --

ホントかウソかは知りませんが

and they had them watch a horror movie,

まずホラー映画を見せられたあと

and then they had them describe their feelings toward their wives.

奥さんへの感情を話させます

And the brain scans were identical in both activities.

スキャン結果はどちらも同じでした

It was just sheer terror.

ホントどちらも恐ろしい

So me talking about emotion

私が感情について話すのは

is like Gandhi talking about gluttony,

ガンジーが大食いについて

but it is the central organizing process

話すのと同じです　とにかく感情が

of the way we think.

私たちの思考の中心です

It tells us what to imprint.

心に刻むべきものを決定します

The brain is the record of the feelings of a life.

脳は感情の記録装置なのです

And the third insight

三番目の洞察は

is that we're not primarily self-contained individuals.

人間は元来 自己完結した存在ではなく

We're social animals, not rational animals.

社会的動物で合理的ではありません

We emerge out of relationships,