Name: デイビッド・ミンデル：「私たちのロボット、私たちの自我」｜Googleでの講演のご案内 (David Mindell: "Our Robots, Ourselves" | Talks at Google)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:52:26.000Z
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SUSANNA: Authors at Google today is very pleased

of the history of engineering and manufacturing at MIT.

He has 25 years of experience as an engineer

in the field of undersea robotic exploration

as a veteran of more than 30 oceanographic expeditions,

and more recently, as an airplane pilot and engineer

He is the award winning author of "Iron Coffin-- War,

Technology, and Experience aboard the USS Monitor,"

and "Digital Apollo-- Human and Machine in Spaceflight."

And his most recent book, "Our Robots, Ourselves"

was published by Viking on October 13 of this year.

Please join me in welcoming David Mindell.

DAVID MINDELL: Thank you Susanna for that nice introduction.

I come to this book sort of out of the experience

of my previous book, which was called "Digital Apollo."

And "Digital Apollo" was about the computers

and the software that were used inside both the command module

and the lunar module for the Apollo lunar landings

It was really the first embedded computer.

that software became central to human life

and was life critical software, and one of the first real time

control computers, and the first digital fly by wire system.

And you can see in this image over on the right, which

is the cover image-- it was made actually by John Knoll who you

may know from Industrial Light & Magic-- and a little bit more

The book focuses on this kind of climactic moment in the Apollo

11 lunar landing where the mythology went,

the computer the last minute and lands the spacecraft by hand

to avoid this crater that you can see there

And the book sort of takes that moment as a starting point

And now it turns out that he didn't turn off the computer.

He turned it from a fairly highly automated targeting

mode that kind of allowed him a kind of cursor

control around the moon to a still fairly highly

Still very much a fly by wire kind of automated mode.

That's actually not so far from how pilots

He moved it to a different level of automation

to suit what he felt was the situation at the time.

And this was a very interesting moment because I learned,

in the course of writing this book, at the time,

the Soviet spacecraft were controlled by analog computers.

They left very little discretion and role for the astronauts.

The American computer was a general purpose

digital computer, one of the first integrated circuits--

of the national output of integrated circuits

So it was a very advanced, forward looking thing to do,

including all the complexities of the software.

It just made it automated in a more nuanced, sophisticated way

that gave the human better control over the spacecraft.

that often the highest level of automation--

technological problem is not full autonomy,

but rather what I've come to call a perfect five.

If you think about level one as fully manual,

level 10 as fully automated, the perfect five

is really the most complicated, difficult,

and I think also socially and financially rewarding

place to have automated systems where the human is in control.

And the system can be moved up and down various levels,

in order to suit the particular situation.

And what you see through the Apollo story,

and many of the stories in the book is that a lot of systems

thought there would only be two buttons on the interface.

One would be go to moon, and one would be take me home.

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デイビッド・ミンデル：「私たちのロボット、私たちの自我」｜Googleでの講演のご案内 (David Mindell: "Our Robots, Ourselves" | Talks at Google)

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