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>> I'M MAX DONATH, AND WELCOME TO OUR SEMINAR SERIES ON
ADVANCED TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES.
AS WE'VE DONE THESE PAST FEW WEEKS, I'M GOING TO WELCOME
HANNAH GRUNE FIRST TO COME UP AND JUST TAKE CARE OF SOME
HOUSEKEEPING AND THEN I'LL TAKE OVER AND INTRODUCE OUR
SPEAKER. >> THANK YOU.
WELCOME, EVERYONE, FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO ARE WATCHING VIA
THE WEB, WE ASK THAT YOU PLEASE SIGN IN WITH THE NUMBER
OF PEOPLE WATCHING AT YOUR LOCATION IN THE CHAT BOX AT
THE UPPER RIGHT-HAND SIDE. AND WE ARE REQUIRED TO REPORT
OUR VIEWERSHIP RATES TO THE U.S. D.O.T. AND WOULD
APPRECIATE HAVING THE MOST ACCURATE COUNT POSSIBLE.
FOR STUDENTS IN THE ROOM, IF YOU ARE WAITING ON A WRITEUP
BACK FROM ME, PLEASE SEE ME AFTER THE SEMINAR IS OVER.
FOR THE LIVE AUDIENCE, PLEASE HOLD ALL OF YOUR QUESTIONS
UNTIL THE END. WE'LL BE PASSING AROUND THIS
MICROPHONE SO THAT THE WEB AUDIENCE CAN HEAR WHAT'S BEING
SAID. SO PLEASE MAKE SURE TO HOLD IT
CLOSE TO YOUR FACE. THANK YOU.
>> I'M HONORED TO INTRODUCE
SPEAKER TODAY. IT TOOK ME A WHILE TO CONVINCE
HIM TO GIVE THIS SEMINAR. DEMOZ GEBRE-EGZIABHER.
HE'S BEEN INVOLVED IN THIS AREA OF WORKING WITH DRONES
AND UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR QUITE SOME TIME.
AND I REMEMBER HE WORKED WITH THE MINNESOTA STATE PATROL
HELICOPTER FOLKS, LOOKING AT THE RISK OF DRONES MIXING IT
UP WITH STATE PATROL HELICOPTERS, AND WHAT ARE SOME
OF THE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THAT, AND THAT WAS IN 2006,
2005, IN THAT TIME FRAME, SO ABOUT TEN YEARS AGO BEFORE ALL
THE BUZZ ON DRONES THAT WE HEAR ABOUT IN THE NEWSPAPER
THESE DAYS. PROFESSOR DEMOZ
GEBRE-EGZIABHER HAS BEEN ALL OVER THE PLACE.
HE DID -- HE RECEIVED HIS Ph PhD AT STANFORD UNIVERSITY.
HE WAS A COMMISSIONED NAVAL OFFICER FOR SIX, SEVEN YEARS.
LEFT THE SERVICE AS A LIEUTENANT IN THE NAVY.
HE WORKED WITH THE NAVAL C.E. SYSTEMS COMMAND IN WASHINGTON,
D.C., FOR QUITE A NUMBER OF YEARS.
AND IS AN INSTRUMENTED-RATED PILOT.
AND I'M SURE THERE WILL BE A LOT OF QUESTIONS AFTER THIS
TALK. SO WITHOUT FURTHER ADO, LET'S
WELCOME PROFESSOR GEBRE EGZIABHER.
[ Applause ]
IS THE MICROPHONE ON? ALL RIGHT.
SO THANK YOU, MAX, FOR THAT WELCOME, THE INVITE, AND THANK
YOU, EVERYONE, FOR BEING HERE THIS AFTERNOON.
I'M GOING TO GIVE AN OVERVIEW ABOUT UNMANNED AIRCRAFT
SYSTEMS, U.A.S., SOMETIMES CALLED.
TALK ABOUT THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR USING THESE IN TRAFFIC AND
INFRASTRUCTURE SURVEILLANCE OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES.
AND I'M GOING TO SPEND MORE TIME ON THE CHALLENGE SIDE.
BECAUSE WE'LL SEE THERE'S ALL KINDS OF THINGS WE CAN DO WITH
THESE VEHICLES, THERE'S ALL KINDS OF THINGS THAT PEOPLE
HAVE AND THEIR VISION OF DOING WITH THEM.
BUT ALL OF THESE COME WITH SOME CHALLENGES THAT WE NEED
TO ADDRESS BEFORE WE CAN ACTUALLY USE THESE ON A
DAY-TO-DAY APPLICATION. I'LL TALK A LITTLE BIT ABOUT
THE OPPORTUNITIES, ALSO TALK ABOUT THE CHALLENGES, SOME OF
THE THINGS WE'RE DOING HERE AT THE U OF M TO ADDRESS SOME OF
THESE CHALLENGES. SO, WITHOUT -- BEFORE WE GET
INTO THE TOP -- THE MEAT OF THE TOPIC, LET'S KIND OF
DEFINE SOME BACKGROUNDS BACKGROUND TERMS
AND IDEAS, BASICALLY. SO, FIRST OF ALL, UNMANNED
AERIAL VEHICLES, THEY'RE BASICALLY AIRCRAFT THAT ARE
OPERATED AUTONOMOUSLY, ALL RIGHT, COULD BE COMPLETELY
AUTONOMOUSLY OR THERE COULD BE SOMEONE ON THE GROUND REMOTELY
OPERATING THEM, CALLED DRONES, THAT TERM BOTHERS ME, I GUESS
I'M LOSING, AND THAT'S BECOMING THE STANDARD TERM SO
WE'LL CALL THEM DRONES OR THEY COULD BE CALLED R.P.V.s OR
R.O.V.s, ANOTHER TERM THAT'S USED FOR THEM.
THERE'S ALL KINDS OF ENVISION ENVISIONED APPLICATIONS FOR
THESE VEHICLES. THEY'RE BEING ENVISIONED FOR
WHAT ARE CALLED THE 3Ds OR THE DANGEROUS, THE DIRTY AND
THE DULL MISSIONS. AND IF YOU WANT TO LIST SOME
OF THE DANGEROUS ONES, FOR EXAMPLE, THAT'S SOME OF THE
THINGS WE DO AT THE U.A.V. LAB LAB, FLIGHT TESTING, THEY'RE A
NICE SURROGATE FOR BIG AIRPLANES, WHERE IN THE PAST
YOU'D HAVE TO PUT A TEST PILOT IN, NOW YOU CAN PUT A UNMANNED
AIRCRAFT IN AND DO THE RISKY WITH IT.
THE DIRTY, TALK ABOUT ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, THEY'RE BEING USED, FOR
EXAMPLE, TO MONITOR SMOKESTACKS OF FACTORIES AND
SORT OF THINGS LIKE THAT. PRECISION AGRICULTURE, WE'RE
USING FOR CHEMICAL SPRAYING, PERHAPS.
AND THEN YOU GOT THE DULL SIDE OF IT, WHICH IS, WELL, DULL
NOT IN THE SENSE THAT IT'S BORING, BUT IT'S CONTINUOUSLY
LOOKING AT INFRASTRUCTURE, INSPECTING SOMETHING MIGHT BE
DULL, SO THEY COULD TAKE THAT KIND OF DULLNESS AWAY FROM
HUMAN OPERATOR. SO THOSE ARE THE KINDS OF
APPLICATIONS THEY'RE BEING LOOKED AT FOR.
WHAT WE'RE GOING TO DO IN THIS TALK, I'M GOING TO LOOK AT
JUST TWO CASE STUDIES, TWO CASES OF WHERE WE COULD USE
THEM IN TRAFFIC AND INFRASTRUCTURE SURVEILLANCE,
AND THEN TALK ABOUT THE LIMITATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH
THEM. AND I'M GOING TO FOCUS ON WHAT
ARE CALLED SMALL OR CLASS 1 AND 2U.A.V.s, THEY COME IN
ALL KINDS OF SIZE AND RANGES. THE GLOBAL HAWK SHOWN HERE IS
ABOUT A 30,000 U.A.V., HAS A WING SPAN ABOUT 130 FEET,
ABOUT THE SIZE OF A 737, IF YOU WANT TO THINK ABOUT IT
THIS WAY. COMPLETELY DIFFERENT ISSUES,
DIFFERENT PROBLEMS, WE'RE GOING TO FOCUS ON THESE THAT
ARE THE MOST RELEVANT THAT WE'RE GOING TO BE TALKING
ABOUT TODAY. SMALL U.A.V.s.
THE CLASSIFICATION, I SAID THERE'S A LARGE SPAN OF
CAPABILITIES, SIZES, WHAT WE'RE GOING TO FOCUS ON ARE
JUST WHAT ARE CALLED THE GROUP 2 AND 3 U.A.V.s, AND
BASICALLY ONE WAY TO THINK ABOUT THEM, THEY WEIGH LESS
THAN 55 POUNDS, AND THEY FLY SLOWER THAN 200 KNOTS,
ACTUALLY, A BETTER NUMBER IS 1 100 MILES PER HOUR, SO
SOMETHING IN THAT AREA. AND THEY DON'T FLY VERY HIGH,
EVEN THOUGH THE CLASSIFICATION OF THESE UP TO 3,500 FEET,
USUALLY WE'RE TALKING ABOUT APPLICATIONS LESS THAN 500
FEET ABOVE THE GROUND. SO WE'RE GOING TO FOCUS ON
THOSE. AGAIN, IT'S A BIG AREA, SO
WE'RE JUST GOING TO
NARROW DOWN, LOOK AT ONE PARTICULAR
ASPECT OF IT. ALL RIGHT.
SO ONE MORE PIECE OF TERMINOLOGY.
IS THE TERM U.A.V. AND U.A.S. GETS THROWN BACK AND FORTH
INTERCHANGEABLY, AND I WILL DO THAT, TOO.
TO BE CORRECT, THOUGH, WE SHOULD DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
THOSE TWO. THE U.A.V., THE UNMANNED
AERIAL VEHICLE, IS THE AIRCRAFT THAT'S IN THE AIR
THAT'S DOING THE MISSION THAT HAS A PAYLOAD ON IT.
HOWEVER, ASSOCIATED WITH THAT, THERE HAS TO BE A GROUND
STATION. THERE HAS TO BE SOMEONE ON THE
GROUND CONTROLLING IT, COMMANDING IT, TELLING IT TO
DO WHAT IT NEEDS TO DO, AND THAT'S AN INTEGRAL PART OF
THIS. SO THE GROUND STATION, PLUS
THE RADIO DATA LINKS THAT ARE USED TO SEND INFORMATION UP,
PLUS THE AERIAL VEHICLE TOGETHER FORM WHAT'S CALLED A
U.A.S., UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEM SYSTEM.
SO WHEN WE TALK ABOUT U.A.V.s U.A.V.s, WE SHOULD REALLY BE
TALKING ABOUT THE ENTIRE SYSTEM, SO THE AIRCRAFT, THE
DEALINGS AND THE GROUND OPERATOR.
AND YOU WILL SEE MAYBE IN ABOUT 10, 15 MINUTES WHEN I
START TALKING ABOUT HOW YOU OPERATE THESE AIRCRAFT LEGALLY
LEGALLY, THIS PART OF THE PICTURE BECOMES IMPORTANT, THE
GROUND, THE OPERATOR IS ACTUALLY AN INTEGRAL PART OF
ALL OF THIS. ALL RIGHT.
SO, THE ROAD MAP, I JUST DID SOME BACKGROUND, WHAT I WANT
TO DO NEXT IS TALK ABOUT A LITTLE BIT ABOUT OPPORTUNITIES
OPPORTUNITIES, WHO'S USING U. U.A.S. AND WHAT APPLICATIONS.
AND WHAT I'M GOING TO DO -- USE THAT FOR IS TO SET THE
GROUNDWORK FOR THE CHALLENGES. AND, AGAIN, IF THERE'S ANYONE
HERE INTERESTED IN U.A.V.s, OR IN THE AUDIENCE, YOU
PROBABLY ARE INTERESTED IN KNOWING WHAT ARE THE ISSUES,
WHAT DO I NEED TO BE AWARE OF BEFORE I USE THEM.
THERE ARE SOME REGULATORY ISSUES, WE'LL TALK ABOUT THOSE
THOSE. AND WE'LL ANCHOR THAT WITH
TECHNICAL CHALLENGES THAT ARE OUT THERE, THAT ARE STILL
BEING WORKED ON THAT ARE NOT ADDRESSED AND I'LL GIVE A
SUMMARY AND OPEN IT UP FOR SOME QUESTIONS.
THAT'S THE ROAD MAP, THAT'S WHAT WE'RE GOING TO DO.
ALL RIGHT. SO LET'S TALK ABOUT
OPPORTUNITIES. AND BEFORE I DO THAT, LET ME
SHOW YOU THIS TABLE. SO, FIRST OF ALL, TO BE ABLE
TO OPERATE U.A.V.s LEGALLY IN THE U.S. TODAY, YOU HAVE TO
HAVE PERMISSION FROM THE F.A. F.A.A.
AND WE'LL TALK ABOUT THE DETAILS OF HOW TO DO THAT.
DON'T DO IT WITHOUT A PERMISSION.
IT'S GOING TO BE COSTLY. STARTING TO BECOME COSTLY
THESE DAYS BECAUSE THEY'RE BEGINNING TO ENFORCE THE RULES
RULES. ANYWAY, SO, THIS TABLE WAS
GENERATED FROM THE LIST OF FOLKS THAT APPLIED FOR PERMITS
TO OPERATE U.A.V.s LAST YEAR YEAR.
AND, SO, BASED ON THAT, WHAT WE SEE IS, AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY,
OR AERIAL SURVEYING SEEMS TO BE THE PLACE WHERE THERE'S A
LOT OF APPLICATION FOR PERMISSION GOING ON.
HOWEVER, THIS IS KIND OF MIS MISLEADING BECAUSE THERE ARE
SOME OTHER APPLICATIONS, LIKE PRECISION AGRICULTURE,
INFRASTRUCTURE INSPECTION, WHICH ARE DEFINITELY GOING TO