and today we are going to do a lesson about the future simple tense.

So let's get started.

Well we use the future simple to describe an action in the future.

Ok, so, let's look at the structure.

So... I will go, you will go,

he / she / it / will go,

we will go, you will go,

and they will go.

So if we look at this in a bit more detail, then this is what we see.

So we can see that the future simple tense is made up of the subject followed by the word "will"

which is then followed by the verb.

So for example: "I will go" - "I" is the subject, "will" and then the verb.

Now, we can also use the word "shall"

And the word "shall", we can use it instead of "will". And it has the same meaning.

So for example, we can ... we can say, instead of "I will", we can say "I shall go"

So "I will go" and "I shall go", it is the same.

So, "you shall go" et cetera, et cetera.

However, the word "shall" is used more in British English,

and we don't really use it much in American English. Okay so that is important.

And even in British English, "shall" is less common than the word "will."

So "will" is much more common than "shall" but they do have the same meaning.

So, we'll look at now the negative form. So in the negative, we have "I will not read",

"you will not read",

"he, she, it will not read", "we will not read",

"you will not read" and "they will not read".

So to form the negative, we simply add the word "not" after the word "will" and before the verb.

And now, the question form: "will I read?",

"will you read", "will he / she / it read?", "will we read?"

"will you read?" and "will they read?"

So, to form the question, we change the order of the words.

So you can see, in the affirmative, we go from "I will read" and we swap the subject with the word "will"

which makes "will I read?".

"you will read" --> "will you read?",

and we do the same for all of them..okay?

Contracted forms.

"I'll read", "You'll read",

"He'll read", "She'll read", "It'll read",

"We'll read", "You'll read",

"They'll read"

So we use the contracted forms usually for spoken English. So when we speak.

We don't really write these. But this is how we would spell it if we write it. Okay?

And for "shall", there is no contracted form in fact.

So for example, "I shall read" - It stays the same. There is no contracted form. So it would always be "I shall read"

Now, let's look at the contracted form for the negative:

"I won't read",

"you won't read",

"he won't" "she won't" or "it won't read",

"we won't read",

"you won't read",

and "they won't read".

So the spelling here is important. So "will not" is transformed into "won't" - W, O, N, apostrophe, T.

and that is the same for all of them....ok?

And for "shall" - Well in the negative, "shall not" becomes "shan't"

And we spell that: S, H, A, N, apostrophe, T

Ok? And the meaning is the same. So... for example, "I won't read" is the same meaning as "I shan't read"

So here is an example. The first example - "I shall not read" becomes "I shan't read"

Okay let's carry on.

Now let's look at the uses. When do we use the future simple?

Well the first use is when we want to offer to do something.

For example: Sarah says "The telephone is ringing." ...

and David says "I'll answer it".

So David is offering to do something. He's offering to answer the telephone. So we use the future simple.

Sarah says "I'm really tired. I'm falling asleep."

and David says "I'll make you a coffee."

Again, David is offering to do something. He's offering to make a coffee and so we use the future simple.

The opposite of offering to do something is to refuse to do something.

And to refuse to do something, we use the negative of the future simple.

For example: "I won't do the washing up by myself!"

"No I will not help you with your homework!"

So here, we are refusing to do the washing up. So we use the future simple.

And this is the contracted form... and this is the full form.

But both with the same meaning. It's the future and we are refusing.

We can also use the future simple as a promise or a threat.

"If you help me cook dinner, I will do the washing up."

So this is a promise. If you do this, then I promise to do that. Future simple.

"Stop doing that or I'll call the police."

So this is a threat. If you do not... if you do not do this, then I will do that.

So this is again the future simple.

A very common use is resuests or orders. So asking somebody to do a service for us.

For example: "Will you buy me a drink please?"

So this is a request. We are asking somebody to do something for us. "Will you..?"

And "Will you help me carry my bags?"

Again, we are asking somebody to help us. It is a request.

So we use "will you..?" So this is the question form. The question form.

And here, as a request, we can only use the word "will".

Okay ? We cannot use the word "shall" ... for this. This will only work if we use the word "will" in a question.

This is very common. This is a very common use.

Predictions. So a prediction is when we say what we think will happen in the future.

For example, "I think Liverpool will beat Manchester United."

Ok, so we think that something will happen in the future.

"I think that a new window will cost five hundred pounds."

So again, this is talking about the future.

Now we use the future simple to predict the future when we aren't completely certain. When we aren't really sure of the future ok?

Okay so we're not certain, but we think that this is the situation.

So this is the future simple here: "will cost"

So, but if we are certain. If we are sure about something, then we use a different future tense.

We use the "going to" future. So for example, the same example:

"The builder called with the cost of a new window. It is going to cost six hundred pounds."

Ok? So do you see the difference?

Here, now, we now have more information about the window because the builder has called us and he's given us a fixed price.

So now we can say it is going to cost six hundred pounds.

We know it now. It is now a fact.

So we do not use the future simple ok? The meaning is very similar between the two.

Both are talking about the future,

but there is a difference in the meaning. With the future simple, we are less certain.

And we can use the word "shall" to suggest something. To make a suggestion.

This is only with the word "shall". We cannot do this with the word "will".

So here we can see that there is a door which is open.

And we can suggest to close the door by saying: "Shall I close the door?" We are suggesting it.

Or we might say to our husband or to our wife: "Shall we go out for a meal?"

It is a suggestion to go to a restaurant for a meal.

So when we use the word "shall" in the question form, this is a suggestion.

But remember, "shall" is only really used in British English.

So this use... doesn't really exist in American English. So that's quite important to remember.

And finally, there is an important rule:

If we use a time expression at the beginning of a clause, then we do not use the future simple.

We must only use the present simple.

Let me give you an example to explain.

So for example, this sentence: "When I will arrive at the cinema, I'll call you." That is wrong ok?

And this is the part which is wrong.

Here we have used the future simple: "I will arrive" And that is wrong ok?

This is what we should say: "When I arrive at the cinema, I'll call you."

That is the correct way of saying it ... because now we have used the present simple.

"I arrive" So "When I arrive at the cinema, I'll call you."

So even though we are talking about the future here. - This is talking about the future..

but because we have started the clause with a time expression..

because we have started with a time expression like the word "when"

then we must use the present simple to talk about the future.

So this is a time expression and there are a few others.. and here is a list of the common time expressions:

So: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless et cetera.

So whenever we have a time clause which starts with one of these words,

and we are talking about the future, then in fact we must use the present simple.

We must not use the future simple. Okay?

So let's do some exercises

I would like you to put the verbs in brackets in the correct form using the future simple.

And do not use the contracted form.

Example:

So I want you to put this: the verb "wear" in the future simple.

And the answer is:

"He will wear his grey suit at the party."

Ok? So there are two questions:

Question 1:

So, I'll just give you a few seconds to find.. to think of the answer...

Okay, so I'm going to give you the answer now:

"I think it will rain tomorrow." Future simple.

Question two:

"If you vote for me, I.. "something" .. income tax."

Again I will give you just a few seconds, five seconds to think of the answer.

And the answer is: "If you vote for me, I will reduce income tax."

So this is a promise in fact okay.. and this one was a prediction.

Exercise two:

This time, I want you to put the verb in the question form.

Example:

And the answer here is: "Will you pass the salt please?"

Question 1:

And the answer here is: "Will you clean the kitchen please?"

Question two:

And the answer is: "Will you answer the telephone please?"

Ok, so again here we ... we reverse.. this is.. remembering the order.. the order of the words to make a question.

And the last exercise is this time, I would like to you to use the negative.

And also the negative using the contracted form.

Example:

So here, the answer is: "She won't dance at the disco on Saturday."

So question one:

And the answer is: "I won't cheat in my English exam."

The last question:

And the answer here is: "My parents won't buy a new car." Ok, so these are all refusals.

If you remember? Refusals. So "will not" becomes "won't" W, O, N, apostrophe, T

Ok, so there we are. That is the end of the lesson. You can click here if you would like to subscribe.

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Okay, thank you very much for watching. My name is Andrew at Crown Academy of English and I will see you next time. Bye bye :)