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  • Well, have you ever heard people use the word unless, many times you may have heard people

  • sayuntil’, okay, and sometimes you may have heard people use both of them in the

  • same sentence. Well, that is what we are going to take a look at in today’s lesson, using

  • unlessanduntil’.

  • Hey friends I’m Rachna and I’m back with

  • a new lesson. Well, many times you may have heard people useunlessor evenuntil

  • or maybe used both of them in the same sentence. Well, that’s what were going to learn

  • in today’s class. Were going to take a look at two wordsunlessanduntil

  • okay. So, first let’s understand what do you understand byunlessNowunless

  • is a word that shows a precondition. Okay, it’s a precondition and you never

  • use it in the negative because it has already got a kind of negative connotation . So, in

  • simple words, unless meansexcept if’. So, that means yes, it’s a precondition.

  • Okay, now let’s take a look at a sentence. Can you turn off the radio unless youre

  • listening to it. Now use unless here because it means except if youre listening. That

  • means if youre not listening, then turn it off. But, except if youre listening,

  • it’s alright, let it go on. So, here it means except if. It’s a precondition. So,

  • except if youre listening to it, it’s ok, it can go on. So, except if, unless youre

  • listening to it. So it’s a precondition. Now remember, you never use unless in negative,

  • you don’t use negative with unless. So, you can’t say unless youre not listening

  • to it. I mean, two negatives do not work, okay. So can you turn off the radio, unless

  • youre listening to it, okay. Now let’s take a look at until. Now, until means up

  • to, the particular moment youre talking about or the particular time. Okay. So, until

  • means up to the particular time., till that particular time. Okay, from a time before

  • up to that particular time. So, I tell you, I listen to music until I feel sleepy. That

  • means, until, till I feel sleepy or till the moment, the moment I feel sleepy. Okay, so

  • up to the moment I feel sleepy. So, they are completely two different words, ‘unless

  • is except if, ‘untilis till. So yes, you can use till. I listen to music till I

  • fall, feel sleepy. Only until is more formal, till is informal, okay. Let’s take a look

  • at another example. Unless y0u pay now, now remember friends, when you start your sentence

  • withunless clause’, this clause, you always put a comma here, okay. So unless you

  • pay now, we can’t guarantee your ticket. Except if you pay now, it’s a precondition,

  • well if you do pay now, we guarantee you your ticket. Alright, so, except if you pay now,

  • youre putting a condition, okay, so it’s already a precondition. Unless you pay now,

  • we can’t guarantee your ticket. Now, one thing you need to remember, afterunless

  • you never use the future tense immediately, though you imply a future action., okay. So,

  • you never say you will pay Unless youll pay, no, never. Remember, never use the future

  • ratherwillimmediately with the verb afterunless’, okay. So remember, when

  • you start with anunlessclause, unless you pay now comma, you have to remember this,

  • very important, we can’t guarantee your tickets. So, there is a condition here, except

  • if, okay. So, yes, if you pay now, we guarantee you your ticket, okay. Now, using until, please

  • wait in the lobby until they call your name. So, that means up to this particular time.

  • What time? The time they call your name, you need to wait in the lobby. So remember, till-a

  • more formal way, so you say, please wait in the lobby until they call your name. Till

  • a particular moment, the moment being the time they call your name. So, wait until,

  • okay, I hope youre getting it now. The last example, the bank will not provide you

  • with a loan, unless you show then your income proof. Now there is a precondition, you don’t

  • show your income documents, you don’t get a loan., it’s as simple as that. So, you

  • say except if. You meet this condition of providing your, uh, income proof, you definitely

  • get a bank loan, alright. So, here we use un,unless because it is a precondition, you

  • have to meet this condition to get what you want. SO, useunlessyou show them your

  • income proof. Okay, so except if you show them , you don’t show them, you don’t

  • get a bank loan., it’s as simple as that. Okay, so now we have a sentence with until.

  • He sat patiently, oops, until dinner was served. Until-so till dinner was served he sat quietly,

  • didn’t utter a word. Maybe he got noisy after dinner, but till dinner was served he

  • sat quietly., patiently, like a sweet child. So, he sat patiently, untiltill the time

  • dinner was served ,okay. So remember, they are two different words., they have different

  • meaning. ‘Unlessis except if, precondition, okay , anduntilmeans till a particular

  • moment , up to a particular moment youre talking about. You can usetill’ , till

  • is informal , ‘untilis formal., okay. So well, this is how you useunless

  • anduntilindependently in different sentences. Now were going to take a look

  • at how they are used in the same sentence. Okay, so now let’s take a look at using

  • unlessanduntilin the same sentence. Now remember, you just learnedunless

  • is a precondition, except if, ‘untilis in context of time , up to the particular

  • moment., okay. Now, when do we use both in the same sentence? Well remember, they don’t

  • mean the same., okay. We useunlessanduntilin the same sentence when

  • a situation, uh, has both, the, it, inn, involves the condition and the time., okay. So, let’s

  • understand the condition or the precondition and time, okay. So, if I say, you will not

  • get to play with your toys, you will not get to play with your toys unless and until you

  • complete your homework. Now, why do I use both these words in the same sentence? That

  • s because the condition is unless, unless means a condition. What’s the condition?

  • Youve put a condition on your child. Your homework, you complete your homework, so this

  • is the condition, okay. So that means, if you don’t complete your homework, you don’t

  • get to play with your toys., right? That is what it means., you are putting a condition.,

  • condition being, you are completing your homework. So, why do we useuntil’? ‘Until

  • because the time you complete your homework. So, say if you complete your homework at 6

  • in the evening, you have met both the conditions, completing your homework and till 6 O’clock.,

  • that’s the time you choose to complete your homework., you can’t play. So, it has both

  • the context, the condition and the time. So, the time is, till you complete your homework., okay. So, that means , you

  • complete your homework and then you can go down to play. So remember, you cannot always

  • use the two in the same sentence, unless, okay, that is, except if, the situation calls

  • for both-the condition and the time., okay. Another sentence for you here, I can’t refund

  • you your money unless, so there is a condition, and until, there is a time, so sorry, okay.,

  • so until you send me the original receipt. Now remember, both the things are involved,

  • the condition-what is the condition? The precondition-send me the receipt. So well, if you don’t send

  • me the original receipt, I surely can’t refund you your money., okay, that’s the

  • condition you put, you give me the receipt, I give you the money, okay, that’s condition.

  • So well, if you tell the person I’ve lost the receipt, too bad, you do not get your

  • refund. But, if you meet the condition, what condition? Of producing or publishing your

  • original receipt, you are entitled to a refund. So, first is condition, okay, and the time

  • is when you send me the receipt. So well, if I receive the copy, the hard copy in my

  • hand, you have met both, the condition and the time. The condition being, you have shown

  • me the orig or sent me the original receipt, the time is, well I have it here right now

  • with me, so now I can process the refund , uh, uh payment, okay. So, we have condition and

  • time. The time is when you send it, okay. So remember, this situation involves both,

  • condition and time, and that is why we useunlessanduntilin the same sentence,

  • okay. And the last example, I can’t start work on this project unless and until the

  • plans are approved. Okay, So I can’t start work, why? Two things, condition and time.

  • What is the condition? The pan being approved., okay, and of course till the time it is approved,

  • so that’s your time. Till the time it is approved, okay. So remember, when you use

  • both of them, it is because, they need to meet, have both the context -time and condition,

  • okay friends. Oh well, this brings me to the end of this lesson, I hope you enjoyed watching

  • it. I do have a test for you. I would never know how well you have understood unless and

  • until you take the test. So, go ahead, take the test, do let me know your scores,. I’ll

  • be back soon with a new lesson, till then take care and bye.

Well, have you ever heard people use the word unless, many times you may have heard people

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英語を学ぶ - 'Negn'と'Until'の違い (英文法レッスン) (Learn English - Difference between 'Unless' & 'Until' (English Grammar Lesson))

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    林永振 に公開 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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