of your biggest personal goal.

皆さん 自分の

For real -- you can take a second. You've got to feel this to learn it.

大きな個人目標について考えてください

Take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal, okay?

真剣にです 理解するには 自分で感じる必要があります

Imagine deciding right now

集中して 大きな個人目標を考えましょう できましたか？

that you're going to do it.

それに取り組むことに

Imagine telling someone that you meet today what you're going to do.

決めたと想像してください

Imagine their congratulations

今日会う人に そう話すのを想像してください

and their high image of you.

その人たちがほめて

Doesn't it feel good to say it out loud?

自分を見直すのを想像してください

Don't you feel one step closer already,

口に出して言うのは いい気分です

like it's already becoming part of your identity?

それだけでもう ゴールに一歩近づいて

Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut,

すでに自分のものになった気がしませんか？

because that good feeling

悪いニュースは 口を閉じなきゃいけないということです

now will make you less likely to do it.

話すことの気持ち良さが

Repeated psychology tests have proven

実際にやる可能性を下げてしまうのです

that telling someone your goal

目標を人に話すことが

makes it less likely to happen.

実現の可能性を下げることは

Any time you have a goal,

心理学の実験で繰り返し示されています

there are some steps that need to be done, some work that needs to be done

目標を目指すときには

in order to achieve it.

実現のため踏むべき段階があり

Ideally, you would not be satisfied until you had actually done the work.

やるべき苦しい作業があります

But when you tell someone your goal and they acknowledge it,

本来なら実現するまで満足は得られないはずなのに

psychologists have found that it's called a "social reality."

目標を人に話し 認めてもらうと それが一種の―

The mind is kind of tricked into feeling that it's already done.

社会的現実になることに 心理学者は気づきました

And then, because you felt that satisfaction,

もう実現したかのように 心が錯覚してしまうのです

you're less motivated to do

そして満足を感じることで

the actual hard work necessary. (Laughter)

必要な努力を実際に行う―

So this goes against the conventional wisdom

動機づけが低下してしまうのです

that we should tell our friends our goals, right --

これは 支えが得られるよう

so they hold us to it.

目標は友達に話すべきだという

So, let's look at the proof.

一般通念に反しますよね？

1926, Kurt Lewin, founder of social psychology,

証拠を見てみましょう

called this "substitution."

1926年 社会心理学者クルト レヴィンは

1933, Vera Mahler found,

これを「代償行為」と呼び

when it was acknowledged by others, it felt real in the mind.

1933年 ヴェラ マーラーは

1982, Peter Gollwitzer wrote a whole book about this

他の人に認められると 心は現実のように感じることを示し

and in 2009,

1982年 ピーター ゴルウィツァーは これに関して本を書き

he did some new tests that were published.

2009年には

It goes like this:

新たな実験結果を公開しました

163 people across four separate tests --

こんな実験です

everyone wrote down their personal goal.

163人が4つのテストを受けます

Then half of them announced their commitment to this goal to the room,

みんな個人目標を紙に書いて

and half didn't.

半分の人はみんなに向かってそれをやると宣言します

Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work

あとの半分は口外しません

that would directly lead them towards their goal,

それからみんな45分与えられて

but they were told that they could stop at any time.

自分の目標に近づくための作業をしますが

Now, those who kept their mouths shut

好きな時にやめてよいと言われます

worked the entire 45 minutes, on average,

目標を言わずにいた人たちは

and when asked afterwards,

みんな45分間全部を使い

said that they felt that they had A long way to go still to achieve their goal.

後で質問すると

But those who had announced it

目標の実現までは まだ遠いと感じると言います

quit after only 33 minutes, on average,

しかし目標を口外した人たちは

and when asked afterwards,

平均で33分過ぎたところでやめてしまい

said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.

後で質問されると

So, if this is true,

ゴールにずいぶん近づいた気がすると言うのです

what can we do?

もしこれが本当なら

Well, you could resist the temptation

どうすればよいのでしょう？

to announce your goal.

目標を人に言いたい誘惑に

You can delay the gratification

抵抗してみましょう

that the social acknowledgement brings,

社会的に認められるという満足を

and you can understand that your mind

後に取っておきましょう

mistakes the talking for the doing.

そして言うことと実行することを

But if you do need to talk about something,

取り違える心理を理解しましょう

you can state it in a way

言わなければならない場合にも

that gives you no satisfaction,

満足感を与えないように

such as, "I really want to run this marathon,

言えばよいのです たとえば―

so I need to train five times a week

「今度のマラソン大会で走りたいから

and kick my ass if I don't, okay?"

週5日トレーニングしなきゃいけないんだ

So audience, next time you're tempted to tell someone your goal,

サボっていたら喝を入れてくれない？」

what will you say? (Silence)

そういうわけで皆さん この次誰かに目標を話したくなったら

Exactly, well done.

どう言えばよいのでしょう？

(Applause)

そうです よくできました