Name: セックスについて話そうクラッシュコース心理学 #27 (Let's Talk About Sex: Crash Course Psychology #27)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:38:48.000Z
Duration: 11 min 36 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

People have been having sex and writing songs about it and carving statues of it and changing

fashion for it since the dawn of humanity, but it wasn't until fairly recently in the

1940s that serious Western scientific study of sex began. And by most accounts you can

Kinsey was born in 1894 in New Jersey, to poor strict Methodist parents. He studied

etymology in college, graduated with degrees in biology and psychology before heading to

Harvard. His doctoral thesis was on the genealogy of Gall wasps, a subject he tackled with intensity;

meticulously collecting over five million samples, measuring hundreds of thousands of

And wasps are interesting and everything, but Kinsey's interests drifted toward human

sexuality and his research in Indiana University paved the way for decades of study into sex.

He surveyed thousands of men and women about their sexual habits and histories, and found

all sorts of interesting things related to sexual preferences, masturbation, orgasms,

and pre-marital sex. He established the "Kinsey scale" indicating degrees of sexual orientation)

and went on to write the seminal texts on sexual behavior in the human male and female

Like many researchers of human behavior, Kinsey and his colleagues were - and in some ways

still are - pretty controversial. But he definitely succeeded in two very important tasks. One:

he was an early adopter of a scientific approach to studying sex, and two: he showed that the

popular perception of what people do and don't do sexually, versus what people actually do

Since then we've seen innumerable sex-related studies examining the physiological and psychological

And, there's a whole lot of lingering misinformation and judging morality swirling around the subject

of sex. It can be a tricky topic for sure but we are here to clear some things up. It's

the entire purpose of life so there's no reason to blush.

That one little word has complicated so many lives. The desire for or lack of sex has spawned

poetry and made babies and transmitted diseases and cost money and driven people batty and

Even the word itself can mean many different things.

First we've got the verb kind of sex, the physical process of engaging in sexual acts

and intercourse, which, probably I don't need to describe to you.

Then we've got the biological definition, having to do with the anatomical parts that

go with the designations of male or female or intersex - those who were born with the

reproductive parts that don't fall into the predominant definitions of male or female.

And these are quite separate from gender, or an individual's sense of identifying as

male or female or another gender identity regardless of how that corresponds with their

actual reproductive plumbing. For transgender people, for instance, gender identity typically

And remember that gender identity is completely different from sexual orientation, which we'll

So beyond definitions, we have the physiological and psychological aspects of sex.

Let's start with the physiological, and with that, Masters and Johnson.

In the late 1950's and 60's, American gynecologists Williams Masters, and his collaborator and

future wife, sexologist Virginia Johnson, did something no researchers had ever done

before. They invited nearly 700 male and female volunteers, many of them sex workers, to come

into their lab and get it on, either alone or with their partners.

Their aim? To record the body's physiological response to sex. This involved wearing a whole

lot of wires and heart monitors and such, and is probably about as sexy as it sounds.

All the volunteers had to be willing and able to show arousal and be capable of orgasm.

And over the years, Masters and Johnson recorded more than ten thousand "sexual cycles". The

main thing they documented was that a complete sexual response cycle involved four distinct

stages - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution - which Masters and Johnson maintained

happened in a linear way, one after the other.

In the excitement phase, things are gettin' goin', blood is rushing to all the necessary

places, genital areas are becoming engorged and secreting lubricant. Next comes the plateau

phase. Pulse, blood pressure, and breathing rates keep increasing and genitals are becoming

fully engorged. The penis is often secreting pre-ejaculate as vaginal secretions increase

until the big event orgasm during which muscles all over the body contract and breathing and

Of course, a biological male orgasm typically releases sperm that may lead to fertilization,

depending on the situation, but female arousal and orgasm also help facilitate conception,

again depending on the situation as those muscle contractions and lubrication help draw

Finally, the body comes back down to its normal state of affairs during the resolution phase.

It's during this phase that biosex males enter a refractory period during which they're unable

to orgasm again for a few minutes to a day or more whereas biological females refractory

While the four stage model of sexual response is still taught today, some have criticized

both its rigid linear setup, arguing that things don't always work so tidily in the

bedroom, and it's insistence in including orgasm which doesn't happen for everyone all

the time. Others also question the model's clinical focus on only physiological factors

arguing the cultural attitudes, psychological and relationship factors, and other external

details should also be considered when looking at sexual response.

I'll get back to that in a minute, but before we move on to the psychology of sex, we got

You remember hormones, those chemical messengers brewed up by the endocrine system that travel

through the bloodstream and regulate all sorts of physiological and behavioral activities

from growth to digestion to sleep to sex.

Our sex hormones serve two major purposes. One, they direct the physical development

of biological sex characteristics, and two, they help activate sexual behavior.

Estrogens like estradiol contribute to female sex characteristics and are secreted in greater

amounts by females than males and while all humans make testosterone, it's the predominate

sex hormone for males, stimulating the growth and development of male sex characteristics.

Now most female mammals become sexually receptive when their estrogens peak during ovulation,

but it doesn't really work that way for humans. Our hormones are more loosely related to sexual

behavior, although studies have found that in general female's sexual desire spikes slightly

around ovulation, when woman are most fertile and males can also be affected by this spike,

responding with higher levels of testosterone when ovulating women are around.

But these short term changes hardly compare to the larger more major hormonal shifts that

Puberty, for one, tends to get everyone a lot more hot and bothered and interested in

dating and gazing at posters of their favorite celebrity crushes and later in life, as sex

hormone production normally decreases, our amorous urges and endeavors tend to decrease

Age affects our libido. But in the end you might think of sex hormones as fuel for your

sexual engine, and while an engine can't run on a totally empty tank, it also won't run

any better or worse on a full tank versus a half tank. We need our sex hormones, but

we also need the right psychological stimuli to turn us on and keep us going sexually.

字幕リスト動画再生

セックスについて話そうクラッシュコース心理学 #27 (Let's Talk About Sex: Crash Course Psychology #27)

people

psychological

hormone

social