that in 1998 Australia implemented an annual, “National Sorry Day.” This holiday serves

as a form of recompense, and it raises awareness of indigenous populations. So who are Australia’s

aboriginal people?

Well, Australia is home to many different indigenous populations. They include the Wiradjuri

in New South Wales, and the Noongar in Western Australia. Aboriginal populations are often

grouped together and referred to as “Aborigines”, however some consider the term pejorative.

Instead, legally, the native populations of Australia are referred to as “Aboriginals

and Torres Strait Islanders”. Some also prefer regional terms, like “Koori” in

New South Wales, or “Murri” in Queensland.

Recently, a genetic study found that native Australian peoples may have left Africa up

to 75,000 years ago, “likely representing one of the oldest continuous populations outside

Africa.” For centuries, they thrived in Australia, usually in nomadic societies. Some

developed distinct tools like the boomerang, used for hunting, and the didgeridoo, a musical

instrument which is still popular today. Their extensive legends and oral traditions are

sometimes referred to as “Dreaming”, and help explain their way of life and the world

around them.

By the time Europeans first established a colony in Australia in 1788, native populations

were thought to number around 300,000, and there may have been an estimated 300 different

aboriginal languages spoken. However, with the subsequent colonization of Australia,

new diseases, violence spurred by racism, and oppressive land-use policies devastated

many of the traditional societies. Currently, aboriginal people account for just 3% of the

Australian population. Only about 75 aboriginal languages still remain, and many are in danger

of dying out completely.

Up until several decades ago, Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders, faced extreme

racism, and government encroachment on their territories. Many were not given Australian

citizenship, nor federal suffrage until the mid 20th century. Also, during that time,

the Australian government supported forcibly taking aboriginal children away from their

parents. The reason for such policies varied, but many claimed it was for “child protection”

and “resocialization”. The children taken away from their homes were eventually known

as the “Stolen Generation”, and were often raised to be domestic servants and laborers.

The government has since formally apologized for their part in creating the “Stolen Generation”,

and “National Sorry Day” is specifically in honor of them.

Although in modern times, there has been a huge change in the government’s attitudes

towards aboriginal people, high rates of unemployment, poverty, crime, and health problems for the

populations persist. Aboriginal representation in the Australian government also remains

low. And even today, land disputes between indigenous groups and the government are ongoing.

For a different perspective on the country of Australia, make sure you check out our

video on how powerful a player it is on the world stage. There’s a link to that video in the description. Thanks

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