of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs.

100 years ago the Hague open convention

formed the basis for drug control

and we have followed the long road since then.

Today in 2012 we recognize that

progress has been made

but there is still a need to strengthen action

and co-operation at the national, regional and international levels.

It is a 100 years since the first

international agreements on drug control.

Whether you see that 100 years of success

or a 100 years of failure I think there are all views across the spectrum.

My personal view and the view of International Drug Policy Consortium

is primarily we are talking about failure.

The architects of the system sat out to resolve

the global drug problem by repression,

so that these supply of drugs was stifled

and people did not want to use drugs

and that demonstrably has not happened,

so we can't call this in any way a success.

There are some people including I think Mr. Fedotov

who is calling on us to be better at repression to be stronger

and to be better coordinated but I think most of our members

and our movement are saying we know enough now,

there is enough clear evidence

that we have to change direction.

TNI made a position paper on this anniversary,

what do you say in your position paper?

The facts that consumption level of opium in Asia

has reduced so much is used as the main argument

to claim success for the control regime itself.

Part of the reduction of that widespread consumption

has to do with the introduction of a whole range of new medicines on the market.

The first treaties were not introducing immediately a prohibition regime

it only tried to put some restrictions on the international trade

of the controlled substances.

Yesterday Mr. Morales presented a couple of coca products

and he urged governments to correct a historical error

which is banning of coca chewing.

How do you comment this?

Yeah he is perfectly right of course,

it is one of the most blatant errors I would say

in the history of this century of drug control.

There is one article in the 1961 convention

that literally says that the chewing of coca leaves has to be abolished,

it is impossible to defend today.

They withdrew from the single convention

and that came into effect on the 1st of January

and they are now trying to become a member again to readhere

with a reservation which says

in Bolivia the use of coca and the consumption of coca

in its natural form will be allowed

and also cultivation and distribution, marketing

for the uses in its natural form will be allowed.

We had Evo Morales here on Monday

talking about why his country wants to make some changes

to their drug control policies

and there are many other Latin-American countries now

starting to explore these options.

At the moment we see still from the UN agencies

an attempt to try to stop these processes

where we do need to encourage them to be engaged with them

and look for carefully planned improved policies

rather than try pretend that everything is fine.

What we have learned does not point us to legalisation as an answer

in fact it is precisely because we recognize

the drug problem as a public health issue

that the United States steadfastly opposes the legalisation of drugs.

Yesterday Gil Kerlikowske the US drug czar probably posed his message

to the Latin Americans when he said that they strongly oppose legalisation

at the same time you hear from Latin American leaders that they are,

they need an open debate on legalisation

what do you think what are the chances of

of this kind of movement which is coming from Latin America now?

To at least open the discussion about it

including about the possibility of a legal regulated market

is getting more and more support from Latin American countries.

The countries that are now calling for opening of this debate

most of those countries have not allowed

also this past few years even relatively minor legislative changes

in their own countries, that they could introduce without

challenging the treaties.

What do you think about the impact of the resolutions

adopted here at the CND,

what is the afterlife of these resolutions?

CND resolutions, mostly you will never hear from them again,

at least not at national level, they do very little impact at national level.

What they do is that they enter into the UN lexicon

which is where a lot of these ideas around drug policies

are thashed out at the international level.

What is the most important issue for you here at the CND?

One of the things I am really excited about this week

is one of the resolutions is about reducing opium over dose deaths.

If that resolution goes through it means

the countries, member states of the UN can go to WHO, UNODC

and ask for help in setting up overdose death prevention programs

which will really, it is a real practical resolution and will save people's life.

ADVOCACY WORKS!

The UN listened to the voice of civil society!

The CND adopted the first resolution on overdoes prevention, that you can read here: