Name: 講義1.全体のパーツ (Lecture 1. The Parts of the Whole)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:30:00.000Z
Duration: 45 min 46 s
Description: VoiceTubeの動画で発音を聞きながら英語表現を覚えよう！学べる英語：

Professor Christine Hayes: You don't need me to

程度の副詞

tell you that human civilization is very, very old.

転換語

Nevertheless, our knowledge of the earliest

stages of human civilization was quite limited for many

archaeological discoveries of the nineteenth and twentieth

great civilizations of the Ancient Near East,

of which I have drawn a remarkably life-like map here on

I always start with the Mediterranean Ocean,

the Nile River, the Tigris and the Euphrates.

So: the great civilizations of ancient Egypt,

Mesopotamia and the area we refer to as the Fertile

about the size of Rhode Island is Canaan.

And archaeologists in the nineteenth and twentieth

centuries were stunned to find the ruins and the records of

remarkable peoples and cultures--massive,

complex empires in some cases but some of which had completely

Their newly uncovered languages had been long forgotten;

their rich literary and legal texts were now indecipherable.

But because of those discoveries, we are now in a

position to appreciate the monumental achievements of these

and many people, have remarked that it's not a

small irony that the Ancient Near Eastern people with one of

lasting legacy, was not a people that built and

inhabited one of the great centers of Ancient Near Eastern

Ancient Near Eastern people with the most lasting legacy is a

It was a new idea that broke with the ideas of its neighbors,

And scholars have come to the realization that despite the

the Israelites were a small, and I've actually

overrepresented it here, I'm sure it should be much

insignificant group for much of their history.

They did manage to establish a kingdom in the land that was

known in antiquity as Canaan around the year 1000.

They probably succeeded in subduing some of their

neighbors, collecting tribute--there's some

controversy about that--but in about 922 this kingdom divided

into two smaller and lesser kingdoms that fell in

which consisted of ten of the twelve Israelite tribes,

and known confusingly as Israel, was destroyed in 722 by

which consisted of two of the twelve tribes and known as

year 586 when the Babylonians came in and conquered and sent

Conquest and exile were events that normally would spell the

end of a particular ethnic national group,

Conquered peoples would trade their defeated god for the

victorious god of their conquerors and eventually there

would be a cultural and religious assimilation,

That people would disappear as a distinctive entity,

and in effect, that is what happened to the

ten tribes of the northern kingdom to a large degree.

This did not happen to those members of the nation of Israel

who lived in the southern kingdom, Judah.

Despite the demise of their national political base in 586,

the Israelites alone, really, among the many peoples

who have figured in Ancient Near Eastern history--the Sumerians,

the Hurrians, the Canaanites--they emerged

after the death of their state, producing a community and a

culture that can be traced through various twists and turns

and vicissitudes of history right down into the modern

And they carried with them the idea and the traditions that

laid the foundation for the major religions of the western

So what is this radical new idea that shaped a culture and

enabled its survival into later antiquity and really right into

Well, the conception of the universe that was widespread

among ancient peoples is one that you're probably familiar

natural forces as imbued with divine power,

The earth was a divinity, the sky was a divinity,

the water was a divinity, had divine power.

In other words, the gods were identical with or

No one single god was therefore all powerful.

There is very, very good evidence to suggest

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講義1.全体のパーツ (Lecture 1. The Parts of the Whole)

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