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  • In high school, we learned ACGT ACGT ACGT Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine. These

  • are the basesAnd yetthere's more to this tiny story than meets the eye. OR the

  • rest of the body.

  • In April of 1953, the double-helix of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA was announced in the journal "Nature."

  • The discovery of the building blocks of life was celebrated worldwide, and earned James

  • Watson and Watson Crick a Nobel Prize, which they shared with Maurice Wilkins. Shout out

  • to Rosalind Franklin for discovering the final piece of the Watson-Crick model, the helical

  • structure. Tons of scientists and scholars worked on the discovery of hereditary biology

  • for almost a century. If you've taken high school biology, you know DNA and genes are

  • used to create proteins which carry out physiological functions in cells. Watson and Crick's final

  • model indicated just HOW this molecule is the most basic structure life -- we thought

  • DNA was like, the One Ring that rules them allbut new research from the University

  • of Edinburgh, published in Science, found DNA might just be a part of the puzzle of

  • biological inheritance.

  • All humans carry 2 meters of DNA in each of their cell nuclei (except in sperm and egg

  • cells, of course). That's a fantastic amount of genetic information. In fact, if you do

  • the math, the human body contains 100 trillion meters of DNA per person. That's enough to

  • make a line of DNA to the sun and back 300 times. Similar to a rope, it can get tangled

  • if you don't store it properly, so nature figured out an efficient means of storage.

  • The DNA molecule carries a negative charge, so (like my hair to a balloon) DNA is attracted

  • to these positively charged proteins called histones and form what looks like little beads

  • on a string. We've known this for decades, but this new study found these histones are

  • more than they seem.

  • DNA wraps itself around the histones like a spool, storing the DNA safely and decreasing

  • its length by seven times, but it's not just for storage. It also can determine what genes

  • near each histone are switched on or off. Now, for the first time ever, research uncovered

  • histones can affect how DNA is expressed not just in me, but in my offspring! This discovery

  • finds that DNA isn't the lonely hero of inherited traits after all, but a member of a team.

  • Assuming I'm a yeast cell, of course.

  • By manipulating the histones inside yeast cells, researchers were able to follow how

  • that affected the gene expression from one generation to the next. Essentially, if they

  • messed with a histone, and that switched off some genes nearby, they could see those same

  • switches were off in the next generation of yeast too! Proving the histones are inherited

  • and were affecting gene expression in the yeast's offspring.

  • Histones' effects on gene expression was known, but that it is inherited is groundbreaking!

  • Histones are a major driver of epigenetics through a process called histone methylation.

  • When amino acids link up with histones, they'll help switch on or off genes and which affects

  • genetic expression, DNA transcription (or copying), and thus ultimately the organism

  • as a whole. And it's inherited! We already know histone methylation can be affected by

  • stress and diet; that's basic epigenetics, but if scientists can show histones are inherited

  • like DNA in humans, then we might be getting our first glimpse into how YOUR stress could

  • affect your kids, and their kids! WOW!

  • Does this stress you out? STOP BEING STRESSED! Its affecting your grandkids!

  • On the other hand, so what if you're stressed. We're getting so good at genetic modifications,

  • we should be able to just go in and tweak our kids anyway? Right? Julianna, debate the

  • merits of designer genetic babies in THIS video (soundup)

  • subscribe. like. love. hugs. thanks for watching dnews.

In high school, we learned ACGT ACGT ACGT Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine. These

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あなたのDNAについて知らなかったこと (What You Didn't Know About Your DNA)

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    稲葉白兎 に公開 2021 年 01 月 14 日
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