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I get that all the time in Dubai,
"Here on holiday are you dear?"
(Laughter)
"Come to visit the children?"
(Laughter)
"How long are you staying?"
Well, actually I hope for a while longer yet.
I have been living and teaching in the Gulf for over 30 years
(Cheers) (Applause)
and in that time I have seen a lot of changes.
That statistic is quite shocking, and I want to talk to you today
about language loss and the globalization of English.
I want to tell you about my friend,
who was teaching English to adults in Abu Dhabi
and one fine day, she decided to take them into the garden
to teach them some nature vocabulary.
But it was she who ended up learning all the Arabic words
for their local plants, as well as their uses:
medicinal uses, cosmetics, cooking, herbal.
How did those students get all that knowledge?
Of course, from their grandparents and even their great-grandparents.
It's not necessary to tell you how important it is
to be able to communicate across generations.
But sadly, today, languages are dying at an unprecedented rate.
A language dies every 14 days.
I don't know how they know that but that's what they say, right?
At the same time, English is the undisputed global language.
Could that be a connection? Well, I don't know.
But I do know that I have seen a lot of changes.
When I first came out to the Gulf, I came to Kuwait,
in the days when it was still a hardship post.
Actually, not that long ago; that is a little bit too early.
But nevertheless, I was recruited by the British Council
along with about 25 other teachers,
and we were the first non-Muslims to teach in the state schools there, in Kuwait.
We were brought to teach English,
because the government wanted to modernize the country,
and to empower the citizens through education.
And of course, the UK benefited from some of that lovely oil wealth.
OK.
This is the major change that I have seen:
how teaching English has morphed
from being a mutually beneficial practice
to becoming a massive international business
that it is today.
No longer just a foreign language on the school curriculum,
and no longer the sole domain of mother England.
It has become a bandwagon
for every English-speaking nation on Earth.
And why not, after all?
The best education,
according to the latest world university rankings,
is to be found in the universities of the UK and the US.
So, everybody wants to have an English education, naturally.
But if you are not a native speaker, you have to pass a test.
Now, can it be right to reject a student
on linguistic ability alone?
Perhaps you have a computer scientist who is a genius.
Would he need the same language as a lawyer, for example?
Well, I don't think so.
We, English teachers, reject them all the time.
We put a stop sign, and we stop them in their tracks;
they can't pursue their dream any longer till they get English.
Let me put it this way,
if I met a monolingual Dutch speaker,
who had the cure for cancer,
would I stop him from entering my British university?
I don't think so.
But indeed, that is exactly what we do.
We, English teachers, are the gatekeepers,
and you have to satisfy us first
that your English is good enough.
It can be dangerous to give too many...
(Laughter) (Applause)
to give too much power to a narrow segment of society,
maybe the barrier would be too universal.
But, I hear you say,
"What about the research? It's all in English."
The books are in English,
the journals are in English,
but that is a self-fulfilling prophecy.
It feeds the English requirement, and so, it goes on.
I ask you what happened to translation?
If you think about the Islamic Golden Age,
— there were lots of translation then —
they translated from Latin and Greek
into Arabic, into Persian,
and then it was translated on into the Germanic languages of Europe,
and the romance languages,
and so light shone upon the Dark Ages of Europe.
Now, don't get me wrong,
— I am not against teaching English, all you English teachers out there —
I am fine with it, I love it that we have a global language,
we need one today more than ever.
But, I am against using it as a barrier.
Do we really want to end up with 600 languages
and the main ones being English or Chinese?
We need more than that.
Where do we draw the line?
This system equates intelligence
with a knowledge of English —
(Laughter)
— which is quite arbitrary.
(Cheers) (Applause)
And I want to remind you
that the giants upon whose shoulders today's intelligentsia stand,
did not have to have English,
— they didn't have to pass an English test —
case in point, Einstein.
He, by the way, was considered remedial at school,
because he was in fact dyslexic.
But fortunately for the world, he did not have to pass an English test
because they didn't start until 1964
with TOEFL, the American test of English.
Now it's exploded.
There are lots and lots of tests of English,
and millions and millions of students do take these tests every year.
You might think, you and me,
that those fees are not that bad, they are OK,
but they are prohibitive to so many millions of poor people.
So immediately we are rejecting them.
(Applause)
It brings to mind a headline I saw recently,
"Education: The Great Divide."
I get it, I understand why people would want to focus on English.
They want to give their children the best chance in life,
and to do that, they need a western education,
because, of course, the best jobs go
to people out of the western universities that I put on earlier;
it is a circular thing.
Let me tell a story about two scientists, two English scientists.
They were doing an experiment to do with genetics,
and the forelimbs and the hind-limbs of animals.
But they couldn't get the results they wanted,
they really didn't know what to do,
until along came a German scientist who realized
that they were using two words for 'forelimb' and 'hindlimb',
whereas genetics does not differentiate, and neither does German.
So, bingo! Problem solved!
If you can't think a thought,
you are stuck.
But if another language can think that thought,
then by cooperating, we can achieve and learn so much more.
My daughter came to England from Kuwait.
She had studied science and mathematics in Arabic at an Arabic Medium School.
She had to translate it into English at her Grammar School,
and she was the best in the class at those subjects,
which tells us that when students come to us from abroad,
we may not be giving them enough credit for what they know,
and they know it in their own language.
When a language dies,
we don't know what we lose with that language.
This is a lovely —
I don't know if you saw it on CNN recently,
they gave the Heroes Award
to a young Kenyan Shepard boy
who couldn't study at night in his village — like all the village children —
because the kerosene lamp it had smoke and it damaged his eyes,
and anyway, there was never enough kerosene
because what does a dollar a day buy for you?
So, he invented a cost-free solar lamp,
and now, the children in his village get the same grades at school
as the children who have electricity at home.
(Applause)
When he received his award, he said these lovely words:
"The children can lead Africa from what it is today,
a dark continent, to a light continent."
A simple idea, but it could have such far-reaching consequences.
People who have no light,
whether it's physical or metaphorical,
cannot pass our exams,
and we can never know what they know.
Let us not keep them, and ourselves, in the dark.
Let us celebrate diversity.
Mind your language!
Use it to spread great ideas!
(Applause)
コツ：単語をクリックしてすぐ意味を調べられます！

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【TEDx】Mind your language: Patricia Ryan at TEDxDubai 2010

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邱潔茹 2015 年 4 月 3 日 に公開

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