Really good question that's actually come in from a few different places this time.

We've got Haydn SHYickin who posted this in our G+ community, thank you very much. And

also michobebemckawii, who posted this in a you tube comment in our Head Squeeze discussion

page

Both posted a question which was: What are headaches and how do we get them?

A very very interesting one, and of course they are the bane of so, so peoples lives

so great question, I'm looking forward to unpacking this one.

I should obviously say that head squeeze is not your doctor so if you do get very serious

headaches or regular head aches then go see your local physician.

But if you're interested in the science of headaches then you've come to the right place,

so stick with us.

Now, there are a whole range of different types of headaches, not just the kind that

my dad gets when he tries to write a text message on his archaic mobile phone.

I'm going to introduce you to tension headaches -- that's the first kind of dull ache that

lots of us get, quite regularly actually.

And also vascular headaches, those are the Migraines and the cluster headaches of this

world.

And in my research I found some people talking about cluster headaches, and they say that

they feel like having a red-hot poker shoved in their eye-- nasty!

So why do we get them?

First things first, the brain is not sensitive to pain, so you never get a headache from

your brain. So if after a really long hard day I say 'my brain really hurts' I'm kind

of speaking a load of rubbish -- you're allowed to tell me that, that's totally cool. So what's

happening?

Well, the pain has got to be around your brain somewhere. And there's loads of places where

that could come from.

As I explained in my film about tickleishness and actually why we get tickled. The skin

is sensitive to pain, as are your bones, and structures in your ears, your nose, your mouth.

And it's there that the pain comes from.

Now what about the tension headache, that kind of dull ache that we all tend to get

quite often. Well, that comes from holding your muscles in a semi-contracted state for

quite a long period of time.

That muscle tension, that may come from the neck, or the face, or actually the meninges

-- the tissues around your brain, that help protect your brain - that muscles tension

fires your pain receptors and sends a message to your brain, the sensory cortex, and that's

why you feel it as pain.

That tension could come from emotional stress, it could come from poor eye sight, or, or

the wrong prescription. And what we normally do is just take some paracetamol that gets

rid of it.

Now paracetamol is very interesting, it acts in the brain, it inhibits the pain and inflammation

causing chemicals called prostaglandins

Now, the more intense headaches, the migraines of this world, they are called vascular headaches.

Reason being, the main culprit for those are the large blood vessels. More specifically,

it's a changed blood flow to your cerebral cortex.

Science doesn't really know how or why they happen.

One theory might be that there is a spasm in one of the cerebral arteries - that reduces

the flow of blood and causes a localised lack of oxygen.

Another idea is that maybe there is swelling in the blood vessels and that produces, there

is swelling pushing on the nerves that causes the pain.

Science isn't really sure just yet.

Migraines can be set off by the weather, by bad diet, bad sleep, stress - and they tend

to last between 4 and 72 hours.

Interestingly, 1 in 5 migraine sufferers report having a visual disturbance like a flash of

light or zig-zag lines in front of their vision before their migraine kicks in.

Now, researchers think that the neurotransmitter, serotonin, must have something to do with

migraines, because the drugs used to treat migraines change the way that serotonin bonds

to various receptors

Bad news, I'm afraid, for anyone watching who has 2 'X' chromosomes, yes, women, you

are more likely to get a migraine by a factor of three, down to hormonal changes.

Now, finally, cluster headaches, they are the really serious headaches that last for

weeks, if not months. They are normally found on one side of the head or around the eye.

Not really sure what causes them, but scientists reckon again that it's to do with the blood

flow to the brain, and it may be kicked off by substances that affect that blood flow

like alcohol.

I don't know if any of you have chugged tea and coffee during the day and then got what

we can only call a caffeine headache once you've got home. Caffeine restricts the flow

of blood to the brain, so as soon as you stop drinking it you get a rush of blood to the

brain.

Oh, one more thing I'd like to mention is 'medication overuse headaches.'

These are headaches caused by taking pain medication for a really long amount of time.

And a german study reckons it could now affect about 4% of the population!

Again, they're not sure why it actually causes these headaches. They think maybe that pain

medication for such a long period of time switches off these control system, the pain

control system. The best way to get rid of it is just to go completely cold turkey.

Bonus fact at the end, of course: 2,000 years ago the people of the Western Han Dynasty

treated their headaches with a chilli-like fruit.

Anyway. That's all the time I've got right now, please do keep sending in your question,

we will answer one of them every Thursday here at ask Headsqueeze. Put them in the comments

below these videos, join our G+ community and join in the discussion there.

Until next time, Happy Head Squeezing!