Well, I am here today to talk about a lie.

In specific, a sexy lie. I know there are lots of lies,

some of them are sexy, some of them are very unsexy.

But I'd like to talk specifically about the lie or the idea that

being a sex object is empowering.

And I'd like to convince you that it is not empowering.

First by talking about what sexual objectification is

and then moving on to theoretical and data driven analysis of why it's damaging,

and, lastly, provide you a plan of action

so you can both navigate objectification culture

and change objectification culture.

So let's jump right in- what is sexual objectification?

It's the process of representing or treating a person like a sex object

one that serves another's sexual pleasure.

What's so interesting about sexual objectification

is that we used to have a vocabulary for it.

In the 60s and 70s, we were concerned about sexual objectification

and its harm on girls and women.

In the 80s, 90s and today, we've actually been relatively quiet

when it comes to public discourse.

And so even though our sexual objectification culture is more amplified

we see more images, and 96% of them are female,

of sexually objectified bodies,

we don't have a vocabulary to talk about it.

And young people have even mostly lost the ability to identify it.

As a friend of mine said, it's like being raised in a red room,

pulled out of that red room and asked to described the color red.

So I built on the work of others, and I put together a sex object test,

and if the answer is "yes" to any of these 7 questions

then you are looking at a sexual objectifying image.

First, does the image show only parts of a sexualized person's body?

In other words, does a part stand in for the whole?

This woman's derrière, for example, in this advertisement.

Does the image show a sexualized person as a stand in for an object?

In this image a woman becomes a table.

Does the image show the sexualized person as interchangeable?

That is, as one of many items that can just be swapped out.

Does the image affirm the idea of violating

the bodily integrity of a sexualized person

and that person can't consent?

In other words, is that person being acted upon

as though she is a sexual object?

Does the image suggest that the sexual availability of the person

is the defining characteristic of that person?

The text for this ad reads:

"You know you're not her first, but do you really care?"

And it's being used to sell pre-owned vehicles.

Does the image show a sexualized person as a commodity?

Something that can be bought and sold?

In this advertisement, you see women in a vending machine

and a man is choosing a woman and this is to sell men's shoes.

And, lastly, does the image treat the sexualized person's body as a canvas?

And I'm not talking about inking or tattooing that a person decides

but rather marketers using the body as a specific type of canvas.

New objectification culture has emerged in the past ten years

and it's marked by two things.

One is an increase in the number of sexually objectifying ads and television,

movies, video games, music videos, magazines and other mediums.

And the second advertising component,

is that the images have become more extreme, more hypersexualized.

So, why are we experiencing this now?

It can really be boiled down to technology.

New technology has increased the sheer number of images

that you are exposed to every day.

So in the 70s we saw about 500 ads a day.

Now we see about 5,000 ads a day

and children ages 8 to 18 spend an average of 8 hours a day

hooked up to devices where advertisers can reach them.

So what do advertisers do? They cut through the clutter

with increased emphasis on violence, hyperviolence and hypersexualization.

So how is this not empowering?

I want to make an appeal first to logic.

When we're talking about sex objects, we're talking about dichotomies.

In Western thinking, we think of black and white, yes and no.

Two opposing categories.

When we're thinking about sex objects, we're thinking about

the object-subject dichotomy.

Subjects act, objects are acted upon.

So even if you become the perfect object,

the perfect sex object,

you are perfectly subordinate because that position will always be acted on.

So there's not power in being a sex object when you think about it logically.

But beyond that this idea that sex sells- I'd like to challenge that directly

because the fact is, if sex sold, most women are heterosexual

and we are sexual beings

so why wouldn't we see half naked men everywhere in advertising?

(Cheers and laughter)

I would like to propose...

(Laughter)

I would like to propose something else is being sold here.

To men, they are being sold this idea constantly that they are sexual subjects.

They are in the driver's seat.

It makes them feel powerful to see images of objectified women everywhere.

And for women, we are being sold

this idea that this is how we get our value

and this is the way to become the ideal sex object.

Which is why, instead of sex selling,

these ideas of subjectivity and objectivity are being sold.

So we see men's magazines with scantily clad women

and we see women's magazines with scantily clad women.

Moving now to the research.

Self-objectification is a phenomenon

where we, girls and women, view our bodies as sex objects.

And all of us do to a greater or lesser extent.

This varies somewhat by sexuality and somewhat by ethnicity

but, by and large, all women face this in the US.

So self-objectification, 10 years of research,

mostly done by psychologists.

We know that it has some pretty severe effects.

I'm going to run through the list

but I want to concentrate on just a few of these items.

First, the more we think of ourselves

and internalize this idea of being sex objects,

the higher our rates of depression.

We also engage in habitual body monitoring

much more when we view ourselves as sex objects.

What is habitual body monitoring?

The men in the audience, this might be news to you.

It is not news to the women in the audience.

We think about the positioning of our legs, our hair,

where the light is falling,

Who's looking at us? Who's not looking at us.

In fact in the 5 minutes I've been giving this talk,

on average the women in this audience

have engaged in habitual body monitoring 10 times.

That is, every 30 seconds.

Eating disorders are much more prevalent

with those who see themselves as sex objects,

as well as body shame.

And depressed cognitive functioning.

If we're engaging in habitual body monitoring,

it simply takes up more mental space

that could be better used completing math tests

completing your homework. It just sucks our cognitive functioning.

Also sexual dysfunction.

So this idea that sex sells.

Isn't it strange that if you think of yourself as a sex object,

and we're raised in a society

that raises little girls to view their bodies

as projects to work on and be sex objects

that it actually gets in the way of good sex.

So what tends to happen is that women who are high self-objectifiers

actually engage in what's called "spectatoring" during sex acts.

So instead of being involved and engaged in the pleasure and what's happening

you tend to view yourself from a third party perspective,

a spectator's perspective

where you're worried about rolls of fat hanging out,

what that leg looks like.

So, again, it gets in the way of sexual pleasure.

So if there is anything I can pitch to you about why you don't want

to live in a culture that sexually objectifies

it diminishes your sexual pleasure.

It also lowers self esteem, it lowers GPAs

and it's not negligible the difference that I found in my research.

It is the difference between going to graduate school

and not going to graduate school for college women.

It also lowers political efficacy or the belief you have a voice in politics.

And it lowers your ability to get along with other women.

We engage in female competition.

We see male attention as the holy grail of our existence

and so we compete with other women for our own self esteem,

because we see it as this finite resource, this cherished finite resource.

So we go into parties

and we know where we are in the pretty girl pecking order

And when another woman is valued for being a sex object,

it actually makes us feel bad about ourself.

What can we do about this- a plan of action.

First I'd like to propose some personal actions.

Because what sexual objectification does is actually set up a sexy ceiling

that damages or harms women

personally, politically and professionally.

I want to focus on the personal here.

What can we do?

We can stop consuming damaging materials - girls, women,

because we know within the first 3 minutes that our self esteem goes down

when we're looking at fashion magazines.

We can stop competing with other girls and women.

When we see a woman who is getting attention for this

we can understand that she is part of a system

where the rules are stacked against us

She is not a problem, she is a symptom of a problem.

And we can stop seeking attention for our bodies.

We raise our little boys to view their bodies

as tools to master their environment,

We raise our little girls to view their bodies

as projects to constantly be improved.

What if women started to view their bodies

as tools to master their environment?

As tools to get you from one place to the next.

As these amazing vehicles for moving through the world in a new way.

And for boys, be a supportive ally,

understand what's happening around you,

What's going on in the minds of the women around you.

Don't evaluate girls and women based upon how they look

evaluate them for what they say and what they do.

Finally, use your position of privilege strategically

to speak out against objectification.

So moving beyond the personal to the political,

You can boycott, you can simply refuse

to consume materials that sexually objectify girls and women.

You can contact media producers when something is offensive to you.

You can produce your own media.

Get behind the camera!

Write! Act! Direct!

And you can also engage in new media activism.

There's an incredible world at your disposal

to bring about political change.

And I want to provide just a few examples.

First, Sociological Images, a blog run by Dr. Lisa Wade

worked with students to pull Abercrombie & Fitch's padded bras

or padded swimsuits for toddlers.

And they ran a campaign where they blogged about it,

it got some press coverage. There were some petitions

and they pulled the product nationally from their stores.

This is my hero. Her name is Julia.

She's a 14 year old who got change.org to put a petition together-

85,000 signatures, and she went to New York

and Seventeen magazine agreed

that they would not Photoshop any of their models from here on out.

So, lastly, I'll leave you with this idea of imagining a different world.

I'd like you to imagine a world where girls and women

don't spend an hour every morning

putting on their makeup and doing their hair.

I'd like you to imagine a world,

where women are valued for what they say and what they do,

rather than the way they look.

I'd like you to imagine a world where instead of spending time on appearance

we actually directed our energies to dealing with serious problems.

Like human trafficking, sexualized

violence, homophobia, poverty, hunger.

And, lastly, because you are the architects of your future.

I would like to remind you that sometimes architects have to demolish paradigms

in order to build a better world.

So my question for you is: what better world will you build?

Thank you.

(Applause)