Name: TED】エミリー・バルセティス。なぜ、ある人は他の人よりも運動が難しいと感じるのか (なぜ、ある人は他の人よりも運動が難しいと感じるのか｜エミリー・バルセティス) (【TED】Emily Balcetis: Why some people find exercise harder than others (Why some people find exercise harder than others | Emily Balcetis))
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:24:18.000Z
Duration: 14 min 9 s

Vision is the most important and prioritized sense that we have.

翻訳: Fukuko Kitashoji 校正: Yuko Yoshida視覚は最も重要で 

様態の副詞

We are constantly looking at the world around us,

五感の中でも優先順位が高い感覚です私達は常に 

and quickly we identify and make sense of what it is that we see.

とりまく世界を見て素早く認識し 

Let's just start with an example of that very fact.

I'm going to show you a photograph of a person, just for a second or two,

例を挙げましょうある人の写真をお見せします 

and I'd like for you to identify what emotion is on his face.

ほんの数秒です皆さんに見て頂きたいのは 

表情から読み取れる“感情”です

Well, we actually surveyed over 120 individuals,

彼の表情はどうでしたか？私達の調査では 

People did not agree on what emotion they saw on his face.

答えは色々ありました人によって 

That was the most frequent response that we received.

But if you asked the person on your left,

they might have said regret or skepticism,

「後悔」や「疑念」と答えたり

they might have said something entirely different,

So we are all looking at the very same face again.

「希望」や「共感」など私達が見ているのは 

We might see something entirely different,

全く同じ顔ですでも 感じ方は 

What we think we see is actually filtered through our own mind's eye.

知覚は主観的だからです私達は 何かを見る時 実際には 

Of course, there are many other examples of how we see the world through own mind's eye.

心の目のフィルターを通しているのです勿論 例えは尽きませんが 

私達が世界を心の目を通して見る例を

So dieters, for instance, see apples as larger than people who are not counting calories.

もう少し紹介しますダイエット中の人は リンゴを 

Softball players see the ball as smaller if they've just come out of a slump, compared to people who had a hot night at the plate.

ダイエット中でない人よりも大きく感じますソフトボール選手は スランプから抜け出したばかりの時は 

And actually, our political beliefs also can affect the way we see other people, including politicians.

打率が良い選手より  ボールを小さく感じるかもしれませんまた 政治理念も 人の見方に影響します 

So my research team and I decided to test this question.

In 2008, Barack Obama was running for president for the very first time,

そのことを 私の研究チームは調査をしました2008年 バラク・オバマ氏が大統領選に 

and we surveyed hundreds of Americans one month before the election.

初めて立候補した時何百人ものアメリカ人を対象に 

What we found in this survey was that some people, some Americans, think photographs like these best reflect how Obama really looks.

選挙の１か月前に調査をしました結果は あるアメリカ人が思うには これらの写真が 

Of these people, 75 percent voted for Obama in the actual election.

一番 オバマ氏らしいとこの人達の75％は 

Other people, though, thought photographs like these best reflect how Obama really looks.

選挙でオバマ氏に投票しましたしかし 他の人は これらの写真が 

89 percent of these people voted for McCain.

一番 オバマ氏らしいとその人達の89％は 

So, we presented many photographs of Obama one at a time,

マケイン氏に投票しました私達は 沢山のオバマ氏の写真を 

so people did not realize that what we were changing from one photograph to the next was whether we had artificially lightened or darkened his skin tone.

一枚ずつ見せました見た人達は 気付かなかったのですが 写真は１枚ごとに オバマ氏の肌の色を変え 

How could it be that when I look at a person, an object, or an event, I see something very different than somebody else does?

何が起こっているのでしょうか？人を見る時 物や出来事を見る時 見え方が 人によって違うのは 

Well, the reasons are many, but one reason requires that we understand a little bit more about how our eyes work.

どうしてでしょうか？理由は沢山あります しかし 重要なのは 

So vision scientists know that the amount of information that we can see at any given point in time, what we can focus on, is actually relatively small.

私達の目の作用を知ることです視覚科学者の見解では ある一定の時点で 私達が受け取る 情報量は 

What we can see with great sharpness and clarity and accuracy is the equivalent of the surface area of our thumb on our outstretched arm.

相対的に少ないのですとても鮮明に はっきりと 正確に 目に映るのは 腕を広げた状態で見える 

rendering much of what is presented to our eyes as ambiguous.

それ以外の物は ぼやけていますつまり 提示された物の大半を 

But we have to clarify and make sense of what it is that we see,

曖昧に見ているということですしかし 見ている物を明確にし 

and it's our mind that helps us fill in that gap.

As a result, perception is a subjective experience,

そのギャップを埋めるのは私達の心です

and that's how we end up seeing through our own mind's eye.

結果的に 知覚は主観的で心の目を通して 

So, I'm a social psychologist, and it's questions like these that really intrigue me.

物を見ていることになるのです私は 社会心理学者として このような疑問は 

I am fascinated by those times when people do not see eye to eye.

大変興味深いです私が興味を掻き立てられるのは 

Why is it that somebody might literally see the glass as half full,

見解が分かれる時ですある人は 

and somebody literally sees it as half empty?

コップ半分に水が入っていると思いある人は 

What is it about what one person is thinking and feeling that leads them to see the world in an entirely different way?

半分が空と思うのは何故か？ある人が考え 感じることを 他の人は全く違うように理解するのは 

一体どういうことでしょうか？

So to begin to tackle these questions, my research team and I decided to delve deeply into an issue that has received international attention: our health and fitness.

そして それは重要なことなのでしょうか？この疑問への 最初の取り組みとして 私は研究チームと 世界的に注目される問題である 健康と運動について 

Across the world, people are struggling to manage their weight,

調査することにしました世界中の人が 

and there is a variety of strategies that we have to help us keep the pounds off.

体重管理に悪戦苦闘しており様々な方法を使って 

For instance, we set the best of intentions to exercise after the holidays,

私達は 減量を続けます例えば 休暇後に 

but actually, the majority of Americans find that their New Year's resolutions are broken by Valentine's Day.

運動すると心に決めますしかし 大多数のアメリカ人は 新年の抱負を守るのを 

We talk to ourselves in very encouraging ways,

バレンタインデーまでには挫折しているのです私達は 

telling ourselves this is our year to get back into shape,

励ますように今年は 元の正常な体型に戻すと 

but that is not enough to bring us back to our ideal weight.

言い聞かせるのですがこれでは 理想の体重を取り戻すのに 

Of course, there is no simple answer, but one reason, I argue, is that our mind's eye might work against us.

では どうしてでしょう？当然 単純な答えはありません しかし 私の考えでは 私達の心の目が 

Some people may literally see exercise as more difficult,

足を引っ張るのですある人は 運動することを 

and some people might literally see exercise as easier.

他の人より難しく感じある人は 運動することを 

So, as a first step to testing these questions,

we gathered objective measurements of individuals' physical fitness.

そこで この疑問を検証する第一段階として各個人の客観的な 

We measured the circumference of their waist, compared to the circumference of their hips.

身体の状態を測定しました測定項目は ウエスト周りと 

A higher waist-to-hip ratio is an indicator of being less physically fit than a lower waist-to-hip ratio.

ヒップ周りの比率ですウエスト / ヒップ比が高い人は 値が低い人より 

we told our participants that they would walk to a finish line while carrying extra weight in a sort of race.

測定後被験者に 重りをつけて ゴールまで歩く競争をするように 

we asked them to estimate the distance to the finish line.

しかし その前にゴールまでの距離を 

We thought that the physical states of their body might change how they perceived the distance.

被験者に推測してもらいました私達は 身体の状態が 

推測した距離に影響すると思いました

Well, waist-to-hip ratio predicted perceptions of distance.

分かったことはウエスト / ヒップ比で 

People who were out of shape and unfit actually saw the distance to the finish line as significantly greater than people who were in better shape.

推測距離を予測できるということ体型が崩れ 不健康な人は ゴールまでの距離を 体調の良い人より 

People's states of their own body changed how they perceived the environment.

かなり遠く感じました身体の状態は 

周りの状況をどう感じるかに影響します

In fact, our bodies and our minds work in tandem to change how we see the world around us.

しかし 心の状態も 影響します実際 私達の身体と心は 連携しあって 

That led us to think that maybe people with strong motivations and strong goals to exercise might actually see the finish line as closer than people who have weaker motivations.

世界の見方に影響を及ぼしますこの考えをきっかけに 強い意欲と 確固たる運動目標を持った人は 意欲が低い人より ゴールまでの距離を 

So to test whether motivations affect our perceptual experiences in this way, we conducted a second study.

近く感じるのではないかと考えましたそこで 意欲が知覚に 影響を及ぼすかどうかを検証するために 

Again, we gathered objective measurements of people's physical fitness,

二つ目の調査を行いました私達は 身体の状態の 

measuring the circumference of their waist and the circumference of their hips,

客観的な測定のためウエスト周りと 

and we had them do a few other tests of fitness.

その他にいくつかの体力テストを 実施しました

some of our participants told us they're not motivated to exercise any more.

私達が被験者に伝えた結果をもとに何人かの被験者は 

They felt like they already met their fitness goals and they weren't going to do anything else.

これ以上運動をする意欲はないと 言いました彼らはすでに目標とした健康状態を手に入れ 

これ以上何もする意欲がわかないのです

Other people, though, based on our feedback, told us they were highly motivated to exercise.

彼らはやる気がないのですしかし 他の被験者は 

They had a strong goal to make it to the finish line.

結果を伝えると 運動に意欲的になりました

But again, before we had them walk to the finish line, we had them estimate the distance.

彼らはゴールする強い目標があるのです再び ゴールまで歩いてもらう前に 

And again, like the previous study, we found that waist-to-hip ratio predicted perceptions of distance.

ゴールまでの距離は？また 前回の調査同様 ウエスト / ヒップ比で 

Unfit individuals saw the distance as farther, saw the finish line as farther away, than people who were in better shape.

距離の感じ方が予測できる ことが分かりました不健康な人はゴールまでの距離を 健康的な人と比べ 

Importantly, though, this only happened for people who were not motivated to exercise.

遠くに感じましたしかし 重要なことは この結果は 運動意欲が低い人にだけに 

people who were highly motivated to exercise saw the distance as short.

それに対し運動意欲が高い人は 

Even the most out of shape individuals saw the finish line as just as close, if not slightly closer, than people who were in better shape.

距離を短く感じました最も不健康な被験者でも ゴールを 健康な人より もっと近く感じることはないにしろ 

TED】エミリー・バルセティス。なぜ、ある人は他の人よりも運動が難しいと感じるのか (なぜ、ある人は他の人よりも運動が難しいと感じるのか｜エミリー・バルセティス) (【TED】Emily Balcetis: Why some people find exercise harder than others (Why some people find exercise harder than others | Emily Balcetis))

字幕リスト動画再生

people

strategy

mind

world